Monitoring Framework of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework: Data Collection
The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework represents a pivotal advancement in global efforts to reverse biodiversity loss and promote sustainable development. This data collection serves as a resource for tracking progress and informing policy at the national level. It aligns with the Monitoring Framework of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework established in Decision 15/5, providing access to global data for calculation of indicators to support Parties in the development of their national monitoring plans for evidence-based planning, monitoring, and reporting on the state of our planet’s vital biodiversity and ecosystems.
About this data collection
This collection provides a curated list of global spatial datasets that can be used to calculate the headline, component, and complementary indicators of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework at the national level. The UNBL team has identified that 44% of headline indicators and 50% of component indicators have methodology encouraging the use of spatial data. These data constitute a comprehensive list of all spatial data recommended for the calculation of the headline and component indicators. In addition, spatial data recommended for the calculation of the complementary indicators is provided on an ad hoc basis. The list includes indicators that are reported as statistics at the country level, but are also visualizable as maps (e.g., a world map representing different country-level values).
These data are aligned with the Monitoring Framework (Decision 15/5) and the associated indicator metadata available on the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework Indicators Website as of December 2023. The collection will be updated following the final recommendations of the Ad Hoc Technical Expert Group (AHTEG) on Indicators and the outcomes of the Sixteenth Conference of the Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD COP 16).
It should be noted that by highlighting these global reference datasets it is not implied that countries should be using these datasets for reporting but rather:
-
- These are datasets that act as a data standard that countries can use to evaluate their own national datasets against.
- In circumstances where no national data exists these global reference data can be used to enable reporting against the associated indicator, noting that, per Decision 15/5, “the use of global indicators at a national level must be validated through appropriate national mechanisms”.
Technical guidance
To support countries with combining the best available national and global data to meet their monitoring needs, UNBL also offers secure workspaces to visualise, manage, and analyse national datasets alongside these global datasets. Over the period 2023-2025, UNBL will further develop functionalities to support users in directly calculating indicators for their countries, as well as streamline connections to other relevant tools for monitoring and reporting, including the DaRT, Target Tracker, and the CBD Online Reporting Tool.
For further information on selecting national spatial data for indicator calculation, validating global data for national use, and using relevant UNBL data and tools, please see the technical guidance Using the Spatial Data to Support the Development of National Monitoring Plans for the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework developed by the GEF-funded Global Biodiversity Framework Early Action Support Project.
About the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
The three types of indicators - as defined in Decision 15/5 - are as follows:
- Headline indicators: “a minimum set of high-level indicators, which capture the overall scope of the goals and targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework to be used for planning and tracking progress. They are nationally, regionally and globally relevant indicators validated by Parties. These indicators can also be used for communication purposes.”
- Component indicators: “a list of optional indicators that, together with the headline indicators, cover components of the goals and targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework which may apply at the global, regional, national, and subnational levels.”
- Complementary indicators: “a list of optional indicators for thematic or in-depth analysis of each goal and target which may be applicable at global, regional, national, and subnational levels.”
Decision 15/6 on the Mechanisms for Planning, Monitoring, Reporting, and Review urges all Parties to use the headline indicators, supplemented by component and complementary indicators, in relevant national planning processes and requests all Parties to use the same in their national reports to the Convention. Decision 15/5, Annex 1, states that “headline indicators use methodologies agreed by Parties and are calculated at a national level based on national data from national monitoring networks and national sources, recognizing that in some cases headline indicators may need to draw on global datasets.” Through Decision 15/5, the COP established an AHTEG on Indicators to further operationalize the monitoring framework. The AHTEG has four main tasks:
(a) “To provide technical advice on remaining and unresolved issues relating to the monitoring framework, as outlined by the Conference of the Parties at its fifteenth meeting;
(b) To provide guidance to Parties on the use of indicators in national planning and reporting, including by reviewing how indicators are proposed for capture in the Online Reporting Tool for national reporting;
(c) To provide guidance to Parties on ways to fill temporal and spatial data gaps, including through the use of big data, citizen science, community-based monitoring and information systems, remote sensing, modeling and statistical analysis, and other forms of data and other knowledge systems, recognizing the specific challenges faced by developing country Parties to develop and access information tools;
(d) To provide advice on the existing capacity, gaps and needs in terms of capacity development, technology transfer and financing needs related to the monitoring of the Framework.”
To explore the collection, click on the target of interest and browse the available global data layers that relate to each indicator.
-
- Browse the headline, component, and complementary indicators of the Global Biodiversity Framework provided below.
- Select a goal or target of interest to view a description, the associated indicators, and relevant global datasets available for indicator calculation at the national level.
- Click on ‘View data’ to view the dataset on UNBL.
ⓘ Data to calculate indicators at the national level
Headline indicators are a minimum set of high-level indicators that capture the overall scope of the goals and targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, and are to be used for planning and tracking progress as set out in decision 15/5. They are nationally, regionally, and globally relevant indicators validated by Parties. These indicators can also be used for communication purposes. This is a comprehensive list of all spatial data recommended for calculation of headline indicators in the indicator metadata associated with Decision 15/5.
Goal A: Protect and Restore
The integrity, connectivity and resilience of all ecosystems are maintained, enhanced, or restored, substantially increasing the area of natural ecosystems by 2050; Human induced extinction of known threatened species is halted, and, by 2050, the extinction rate and risk of all species are reduced tenfold and the abundance of native wild species is increased to healthy and resilient levels; The genetic diversity within populations of wild and domesticated species, is maintained, safeguarding their adaptive potential.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A.1: Red List of Ecosystems | View | Red List of Ecosystems | The Red List of Ecosystems framework assesses the relative risk of ecosystem collapse of an ecosystem type. The indicator ‘Red List Index of Ecosystems (RLIe)’ measures the average risk of ecosystem collapse of a group of ecosystems and allows for tracking change over time, based on genuine change in the risk category of each ecosystem. The RLIe can be calculated for any set of ecosystem types for which there are Red List of Ecosystems assessments. It can thus be calculated at the country level or at the global level, or for broad ecosystem groups (such as forests). | 5 years | N/A 1 | Pending |
| A.2: Extent of natural ecosystems | View | Methodology for calculating the indicator is under development by the AHTEG on Indicators. Current metadata suggests that these data may be suitable for indicator calculation. | ||||
| IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology (GET) 2.0 |
Natural ecosystems are predominantly influenced by natural ecological processes characterized by a stable ecological state maintaining ecosystem integrity; ecosystem condition ranges within its natural variability. Examples (with reference to IUCN GET) are primary and old growth forests, natural grasslands and savannahs, natural rivers and wetlands. Natural ecosystems are defined based on the following IUCN GET biomes: Realms:
Managed/Anthropogenic ecosystems are predominantly influenced by human activities where a stable natural ecological state is unobtainable and future socio-economic interventions are required to maintain a new stable state. Examples (with reference to IUCN GET) are urban green spaces and croplands, artificial water bodies and anthropogenic marine systems. Managed/anthropogenic ecosystems are defined based on the based on the following IUCN GET biomes: Realms:
|
N/A |
30 arc-sec |
Pending | ||
| A.3: Red List Index | View | Red List Index | The Red List Index measures change in aggregate extinction risk across groups of species. It is based on genuine changes in the number of species in each category of extinction risk on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and is expressed as changes in an index ranging from 0 to 1. | 5 years | Country-level stats | |
Goal B: Prosper with Nature
Biodiversity is sustainably used and managed and nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services, are valued, maintained and enhanced, with those currently in decline being restored, supporting the achievement of sustainable development for the benefit of present and future generations by 2050.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B.1: Services provided by ecosystems | View | Red List of Ecosystems | Methodology for calculating the indicator is under development and review by the AHTEG on Indicators. Current metadata indicates that this indicator will rely on spatial data for its calculation. | |||
Goal D: Invest and Collaborate
Adequate means of implementation, including financial resources, capacity-building, technical and scientific cooperation, and access to and transfer of technology to fully implement the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework are secured and equitably accessible to all Parties, especially developing country Parties, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as countries with economies in transition, progressively closing the biodiversity finance gap of $700 billion per year, and aligning financial flows with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and the 2050 Vision for biodiversity.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D.1: International public funding, including official development assistance (ODA) for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems | View | Total official development assistance for biodiversity, by donor countries | The indicator measures the gross disbursements of total Official Development Assistance (ODA) from all donors for biodiversity. Data are also available in constant prices for commitments undertaken by donors, which signal a signed agreement to fund a particular activity. The data includes information on capacity development type of activities (e.g. technical assistance, scholarships, etc). | Annual | Country-level stats | View data |
Target 1: Plan and Manage all Areas To Reduce Biodiversity Loss
Ensure that all areas are under participatory, integrated, and biodiversity inclusive spatial planning and/or effective management processes addressing land and sea use change, to bring the loss of areas of high biodiversity importance, including ecosystems of high ecological integrity, close to zero by 2030, while respecting the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A.1: Red List of Ecosystems | View | Red List of Ecosystems |
The Red List of Ecosystems framework assesses the relative risk of ecosystem collapse of an ecosystem type. The indicator ‘Red List Index of Ecosystems (RLIe)’ measures the average risk of ecosystem collapse of a group of ecosystems and allows for tracking change over time, based on genuine change in the risk category of each ecosystem. The RLIe can be calculated for any set of ecosystem types for which there are Red List of Ecosystems assessments. It can thus be calculated at the country level or at the global level, or for broad ecosystem groups (such as forests) |
5 years | Unknown 2 | Pending |
| A.2: Extent of natural ecosystems | View | Methodology for calculating the indicator is under development by the AHTEG on Indicators. Current metadata suggests that these data may be suitable for indicator calculation. | ||||
| IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology (GET) 2.0 |
Natural ecosystems are predominantly influenced by natural ecological processes characterized by a stable ecological state maintaining ecosystem integrity; ecosystem condition ranges within its natural variability. Examples (with reference to IUCN GET) are primary and old growth forests, natural grasslands and savannahs, natural rivers and wetlands. Natural ecosystems are defined based on the following IUCN GET biomes: Realms:
Managed/Anthropogenic ecosystems are predominantly influenced by human activities where a stable natural ecological state is unobtainable and future socio-economic interventions are required to maintain a new stable state. Examples (with reference to IUCN GET) are urban green spaces and croplands, artificial water bodies and anthropogenic marine systems. Managed/anthropogenic ecosystems are defined based on the based on the following IUCN GET biomes: Realms:
|
N/A | 30 arc-sec | Pending | ||
| 1.1: Per cent of land and seas covered by biodiversity-inclusive spatial plans* | View | Methodology for calculating the indicator is under development by the AHTEG on Indicators. Current metadata suggests that these data may be suitable for indicator calculation. | ||||
Target 2: Restore 30% of all Degraded Ecosystems
Ensure that by 2030 at least 30 per cent of areas of degraded terrestrial, inland water, and coastal and marine ecosystems are under effective restoration, in order to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, ecological integrity and connectivity.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.2: Area under restoration | View | FERM (Framework for Ecosystem Restoration Monitoring) |
At the moment, there is no mechanism for collecting area-based information on ecosystem restoration. FAO and key partners from the Monitoring Task Force of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration have defined a draft methodology for data collection, compilation, and reporting. The proposed workflow consists of four main elements: data compilation, country validation, reporting and capacity development. The primary platforms and reporting mechanisms for collecting information on restoration areas identified by the Working Group, include the Framework for Ecosystem Restoration Monitoring (FERM), and others. Restoration initiatives, led by public entities, private sector, civil society and individuals can share area based data and additional parameters for reporting area under restoration through any of the key identified platforms. FAO will compile data from the key platforms and harmonize the data through the FERM registry. |
N/A | N/A 1 | Pending |
| IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology (GET) 2.0 |
Area under restoration by ecosystem describes the area where restoration is happening. It will be reported by ecosystem and by country. A global ecosystem dataset is used as default data to make the map overlay that covers aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Available global ecosystem maps were evaluated and the outcome of the analysis found the most detailed and complete information is provided by the IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology 2.0 (Keith et al., 2022). The IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology 2.0 is the outcome of critical review and input by an extensive international network of ecosystem scientists, containing profiles for 25 biomes and 108 ecosystem functional groups (EFGs). Biomes will be used for disaggregation by ecosystems for reporting. Data type: tabular or spatially explicit. |
N/A | 30 arc-sec | Pending | ||
| World Database on Protected Areas |
The primary platforms and reporting mechanisms for collecting information on restoration areas identified by the Working Group, include the World Database for Protected Areas (WDPA), Framework for Ecosystem Restoration Monitoring (FERM), etc. |
Monthly | N/A 1 | View data |
Target 3: Conserve 30% of Land, Waters and Seas
Ensure and enable that by 2030 at least 30 per cent of terrestrial, inland water, and of coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, are effectively conserved and managed through ecologically representative, well-connected and equitably governed systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, recognizing indigenous and traditional territories where applicable, and integrated into wider landscapes, seascapes and the ocean, while ensuring that any sustainable use, where appropriate in such areas, is fully consistent with conservation outcomes, recognizing and respecting the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities, including over their traditional territories.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.1: Coverage of protected areas and OECMs | View | World Database on Protected Areas | Coverage by ecosystem component: The indicator shows the total percentage coverage of terrestrial and marine areas by protected areas and OECMs at the global level. | Monthly | N/A 1 | View data |
| World Database of Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Measures (WD-OECM) | Coverage by ecosystem component: The indicator shows the total percentage coverage of terrestrial and marine areas by protected areas and OECMs at the global level. | Monthly | Unknown 2 | View data |
Target 4: Halt Species Extinction, Protect Genetic Diversity, and Manage Human-Wildlife Conflicts
Ensure urgent management actions to halt human induced extinction of known threatened species and for the recovery and conservation of species, in particular threatened species, to significantly reduce extinction risk, as well as to maintain and restore the genetic diversity within and between populations of native, wild and domesticated species to maintain their adaptive potential, including through in situ and ex situ conservation and sustainable management practices, and effectively manage human-wildlife interactions to minimize human-wildlife conflict for coexistence.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A.3: Green Status of Species Index | View | Red List Index | The Red List Index measures change in aggregate extinction risk across groups of species. It is based on genuine changes in the number of species in each category of extinction risk on The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and is expressed as changes in an index ranging from 0 to 1. | 5 Years | Country-level stats | View data |
Target 5: Ensure Sustainable, Safe and Legal Harvesting and Trade of Wild Species
Ensure that the use, harvesting and trade of wild species is sustainable, safe and legal, preventing overexploitation, minimizing impacts on non-target species and ecosystems, and reducing the risk of pathogen spill-over, applying the ecosystem approach, while respecting and protecting customary sustainable use by indigenous peoples and local communities.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.1: Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels | View | Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels |
Measures the sustainability of the world's marine capture fisheries by the abundance of the exploited fish stocks with respect to Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) levels. For each level of reporting (National, Regional, Global) the indicator is calculated as the ratio between the number of exploited fish stocks classified as "within biologically sustainable levels" and the total number of stocks in the Reference List that were classified with a determined status (within/not within |
Annual | Country-level stats | View data |
Target 6: Reduce the Introduction of Invasive Alien Species by 50% and Minimize Their Impact
Eliminate, minimize, reduce and or mitigate the impacts of invasive alien species on biodiversity and ecosystem services by identifying and managing pathways of the introduction of alien species, preventing the introduction and establishment of priority invasive alien species, reducing the rates of introduction and establishment of other known or potential invasive alien species by at least 50 per cent, by 2030, eradicating or controlling invasive alien species especially in priority sites, such as islands.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6.1: Rate of invasive alien species establishment* | Not yet available | Methodology for calculating the indicator is under development by the AHTEG on Indicators. Current metadata indicates that this indicator will rely on spatial data for its calculation. | ||||
Target 7: Reduce Pollution to Levels That Are Not Harmful to Biodiversity
Reduce pollution risks and the negative impact of pollution from all sources, by 2030, to levels that are not harmful to biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, considering cumulative effects, including: reducing excess nutrients lost to the environment by at least half including through more efficient nutrient cycling and use; reducing the overall risk from pesticides and highly hazardous chemicals by at least half including through integrated pest management, based on science, taking into account food security and livelihoods; and also preventing, reducing, and working towards eliminating plastic pollution.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7.1: Index of coastal eutrophication potential | View | Global Chlorophyll Statistics within territorial seas and EEZ |
The indicator aims to measure the contribution to coastal eutrophication from countries and the state of coastal eutrophication. Therefore, two levels of indicators are recommended: Level 1: Globally available data from earth observations and modeling Level 2: National data which will be collected from countries (through the relevant Regional Seas Programme, where applicable (i.e. for countries that are a member of a Regional Seas Programme). Here we make available data for Level 1. |
Unknown | Unknown 2 | View data |
| Chlorophyll-a anomalies | Level 1: This sub-indicator evaluates the intra-annual changes in chlorophyll-a concentration anomalies in each Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and territorial sea using the NOAA VIIRS chlorophyll-a ratio anomaly product produced daily for the globe at 2 km spatial resolution. The daily global VIIRS chlorophyll-a concentrations are produced from the NOAA Multi-Sensor Level 1 to Level 2 (MSL12) processing of the VIIRS sensor on the Suomi SNPP satellite. | Daily | 2 km | Pending | ||
| Chlorophyll-a deviation | The indicator aims to measure the contribution to coastal eutrophication from countries and the state of coastal eutrophication. Therefore, two levels of indicators are recommended. This data is Level 1: Globally available data from earth observations and modeling. Chlorophyll-A deviation modeling. | Monthly | 4km | Pending | ||
| Chlorophyll-a concentration in seawater | Level 1: The ESA Ocean Colour CCI (OC-CCI) project, led by the Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), has produced a consistent, merged chlorophyll-a product from SeaWiFS, MODIS, MERIS and VIIRS. For this indicator, Chlorophyll-a will be derived from the OC-CCI project and generated for each individual pixel within a country’s territorial sea and EEZ. | Monthly | 4 km | |||
| 7.2 Pesticide environment concentration* | View | Risk of pesticide pollution at the global scale |
The indicator is defined as the annual agricultural use of total pesticides in active ingredients for various categories of pesticides. This map shows the exposure of agricultural land to pesticide pollution. Value range is from 0 (lowest exposure) to 6.1 (highest exposure). Pixel values for non-agricultural land (-1) and water (-2) have been excluded from visualization. |
Unknown | 5 arc-min | View data |
Target 9: Manage Wild Species Sustainably To Benefit People
Ensure that the management and use of wild species are sustainable, thereby providing social, economic and environmental benefits for people, especially those in vulnerable situations and those most dependent on biodiversity, including through sustainable biodiversity-based activities, products and services that enhance biodiversity, and protecting and encouraging customary sustainable use by indigenous peoples and local communities.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9.1: Benefits from the sustainable use of wild species | View | Methodology for calculating the indicator is under development by the AHTEG on Indicators. Current metadata indicates that this indicator will rely on spatial data for its calculation. | ||||
Target 10: Enhance Biodiversity and Sustainability in Agriculture, Aquaculture, Fisheries, and Forestry
Ensure that areas under agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry are managed sustainably, in particular through the sustainable use of biodiversity, including through a substantial increase of the application of biodiversity friendly practices, such as sustainable intensification, agroecological and other innovative approaches contributing to the resilience and long-term efficiency and productivity of these production systems and to food security, conserving and restoring biodiversity and maintaining nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10.1: Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture | View | Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture |
The indicator is defined by the formula: Area under productive and sustainable agriculture/Agricultural land area. This implies the need to measure both the extent of land under productive and sustainable agriculture (the numerator), as well as the extent of agriculture land area (the denominator). The numerator captures the three dimensions of sustainable production: environmental, economic and social. It corresponds to the agricultural land area of the farms that satisfy the sustainability criteria of the 11 sub-indicators selected across all three dimensions. The denominator in turn is the sum of agricultural land area (as defined by FAO) utilized by agricultural holdings that are owned (excluding rented-out), rented-in, leased, sharecropped or borrowed. State or communal land used by farm holdings is not included. |
Annual | Country-level stats | View data |
| 10.2: Progress towards sustainable forest management | View | Proportion of forest with a long-term management plan |
Sustainable forest management (SFM) has been formally defined, by the UN General Assembly, as follows: dynamic and evolving concept that aims to maintain and enhance the economic, social and environmental values of all types of forests, for the benefit of present and future generations (Resolution A/RES/62/98) The indicator is composed of two sub-indicators that measure progress towards several dimensions of sustainable forest management. |
Annual | Country-level stats | View data |
| Forest area under an independently verified forest management certification scheme |
Sustainable forest management (SFM) has been formally defined, by the UN General Assembly, as follows: dynamic and evolving concept that aims to maintain and enhance the economic, social and environmental values of all types of forests, for the benefit of present and future generations (Resolution A/RES/62/98) The indicator is composed of two sub-indicators that measure progress towards several dimensions of sustainable forest management. |
Annual | N/A 1 | View data |
Target 11: Restore, Maintain and Enhance Nature’s Contributions to People.
Restore, maintain and enhance nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services, such as regulation of air, water, and climate, soil health, pollination and reduction of disease risk, as well as protection from natural hazards and disasters, through nature-based solutions and/or ecosystem-based approaches for the benefit of all people and nature.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B.1: Services provided by ecosystems* | View | Methodology for calculating the indicator is under development by the AHTEG on Indicators. Current metadata indicates that this indicator will rely on spatial data for its calculation. | ||||
Target 12: Enhance Green Spaces and Urban Planning for Human Well-Being and Biodiversity
Significantly increase the area and quality and connectivity of, access to, and benefits from green and blue spaces in urban and densely populated areas sustainably, by mainstreaming the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and ensure biodiversity-inclusive urban planning, enhancing native biodiversity, ecological connectivity and integrity, and improving human health and well-being and connection to nature and contributing to inclusive and sustainable urbanization and the provision of ecosystem functions and services.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12.1: Average share of the built-up area of cities that is green/blue space for public use for all | View | Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open space for public use for all, by sex, age and persons with disabilities | The following is the definition of the SDG 11.7.1 indicator and consequently there could be small variations in the definition for the “Average share of the built-up area of cities that is green/blue space for public use for all”. Indicator 11.7.1 has several interesting concepts that required global consultations and consensus. These include; built-up area, cities, open spaces for public use, etc. As a custodian agency, UN-Habitat has worked on these concepts along with several other partners. | Annual | Country-level stats | View data |
Target 18: Reduce Harmful Incentives by at Least $500 Billion per Year, and Scale Up Positive Incentives for Biodiversity
Identify by 2025, and eliminate, phase out or reform incentives, including subsidies, harmful for biodiversity, in a proportionate, just, fair, effective and equitable way, while substantially and progressively reducing them by at least 500 billion United States dollars per year by 2030, starting with the most harmful incentives, and scale up positive incentives for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18.1: Positive incentives in place to promote biodiversity conservation and sustainable use | View | Policy Instruments for the Environment (PINE) | Definition of positive incentives for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use: Positive incentives, or incentive-based mechanisms or economic instruments are the set of policy instruments that are based on providing incentives for producers and consumers to behave in a more sustainable way. Economic instruments are fiscal and other economic incentives to incorporate environmental costs (and benefits) into production and consumption. The objective is to encourage environmentally sound and efficient production and consumption through full-cost pricing. In contrast to more traditional command-and-control approaches (e.g. restrictions on access or use, standards, etc), economic instruments can in theory meet a given environmental objective at a lower total economic cost. | Annual | Country-level stats | View data |
Target 19: Mobilize $200 Billion per Year for Biodiversity From all Sources, Including $30 Billion Through International Finance
Substantially and progressively increase the level of financial resources from all sources, in an effective, timely and easily accessible manner, including domestic, international, public and private resources, in accordance with Article 20 of the Convention, to implement national biodiversity strategies and action plans, by 2030 mobilizing at least 200 billion United States dollars per year.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D.1: International public funding, including official development assistance (ODA) for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems | View | Total official development assistance for biodiversity, by donor countries | The indicator measures the gross disbursements of total Official Development Assistance (ODA) from all donors for biodiversity. Data is also available in constant prices for commitments undertaken by donors, which signal a signed agreement to fund a particular activity. The data includes information on capacity development type of activities (e.g. technical assistance, scholarships, etc). | Annual | Country-level stats | View data |
Target 21: Ensure That Knowledge Is Available and Accessible To Guide Biodiversity Action
Ensure that the best available data, information and knowledge, are accessible to decision makers, practitioners and the public to guide effective and equitable governance, integrated and participatory management of biodiversity, and to strengthen communication, awareness-raising, education, monitoring, research and knowledge management and, also in this context, traditional knowledge, innovations, practices and technologies of indigenous peoples and local communities should only be accessed with their free, prior and informed consent[1], in accordance with national legislation.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21.1: Indicator on biodiversity information for the monitoring the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework | View | Methodology for calculating the indicator is under development by the AHTEG on Indicators. Current metadata indicates that this indicator will rely on spatial data for its calculation. | ||||
Component indicators are a list of optional indicators that, together with the headline indicators, cover components of the goals and targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework which may apply at the global, regional, national and subnational level. This is a comprehensive list of all spatial data recommended for calculation of component indicators in the indicator metadata associated with Decision 15/5.
Goal A: Protect and Restore
The integrity, connectivity and resilience of all ecosystems are maintained, enhanced, or restored, substantially increasing the area of natural ecosystems by 2050; Human induced extinction of known threatened species is halted, and, by 2050, the extinction rate and risk of all species are reduced tenfold and the abundance of native wild species is increased to healthy and resilient levels; The genetic diversity within populations of wild and domesticated species, is maintained, safeguarding their adaptive potential.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ecosystem Intactness Index | Not yet available | Not yet available | Human activities are altering natural areas worldwide. While our ability to map these activities at fine scales is improving, a simplistic binary characterization of habitat and non-habitat with a focus on change in habitat extent has dominated conservation assessments across different spatial scales. Here, the authors provide a Ecological Intactness Index metric that captures both habitat loss, quality and fragmentation effects which, when combined, are called intactness. | Annual | 1km | View data |
| Ecosystem Integrity Index | Not yet available | Methodology for calculating the indicator is under development. Current metadata indicates that this indicator will rely on spatial data for its calculation. | ||||
| Species Habitat Index | Not yet available | Species Habitat Index | The Species Habitat Index (SHI) measures changes in ecosystem integrity through health of their component species populations and the associated processes and functions of ecological communities. The index captures alterations to the quality and connectivity of habitats at the level of single species and at fine spatial scale, addressing single square kilometer assemblages. When aggregated over a larger geographic unit (e.g., landscape, seascape, mountain region, ecological region, or country), SHI can provide a compound measure of an area’s ecological integrity and connectivity. When evaluated over species’ geographic ranges, the SHI also informs about trends in the health of species populations and potential changes in their genetic diversity. | Annual | 1 km2 |
Pending
|
| Biodiversity Habitat Index | View | Biodiversity Habitat Index | The Biodiversity Habitat Index (BHI) estimates the level of species diversity expected to be retained within any given spatial reporting unit (e.g. a country, a biome, an ecosystem type, or the entire planet) as a function of the area, connectivity and integrity of natural ecosystems across that unit. Results for the indicator can be expressed as either: 1) the ‘effective proportion of habitat’ remaining within the unit – adjusting for the effects of the condition and functional connectivity of that habitat, and of spatial variation in the species composition of ecological communities (beta diversity); or 2) the proportion of species expected to persist (i.e. avoid extinction) over the long term, predicted as a simple species-area based function of the effective proportion of habitat remaining. | 5 years | 30 arc-sec | |
| Protected Connected (Protconn) index | Not yet available | Protected Area Connectivity (ProtConn) | ProtConn, an indicator of the connectivity of Protected Areas (PAs) systems that improves the detail and comprehensiveness of previous related assessments mainly by depicting different categories of land through which movement between protected locations may occur, including the assessment of the contribution of transboundary PAs to connectivity. | 2 years | 10km | |
| Protected Area Connectedness Index (PARC-Connectedness) | View | Protected Area Connectedness Index (PARC-Connectedness) | The Protected Area Representativeness and Connectedness (PARC) indices measure the extent to which terrestrial protected areas, and other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs), are ecologically representative, and well-connected. | 2 years | 30 arc-sec | |
| Living Planet Index | View | Living Planet Index | The Living Planet Index is a multi-species indicator which tracks average changes in the relative abundance of species populations over time. | 2 years | N/A 1 | |
| Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time | Not yet available | Global Surface Water - Transitions 2000-2018 (SDG 6.6.1 INDICATOR) | This indicator tracks the extent to which different types of water-related ecosystems are changing in extent over time. The indicator is multifaceted capturing data on different types of freshwater ecosystems and to measure extent change the indicator considers spatial area changes, water quality and water quantity changes. The indicator uses satellite-based Earth observations to globally monitor different freshwater ecosystems types. | Annual | 10m - 30m | |
Goal B: Prosper with Nature
Biodiversity is sustainably used and managed and nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services, are valued, maintained and enhanced, with those currently in decline being restored, supporting the achievement of sustainable development for the benefit of present and future generations by 2050.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Living Planet Index (for used species) | Not yet available | Living Planet Index (for used species) | The use of wildlife supports many people for their food, medicine, and livelihoods. Ensuring that this use is sustainable is central to conservation to ensure the persistence of species alongside continued utilization by people. Using more than 11,000 wildlife population trends from the Living Planet Index, the authors conducted a global analysis of local-scale data to better understand how wildlife populations respond to utilization. | 2 years | N/A 1 | View data |
Target 1: Plan and Manage all Areas To Reduce Biodiversity Loss
Ensure that all areas are under participatory, integrated, and biodiversity inclusive spatial planning and/or effective management processes addressing land and sea use change, to bring the loss of areas of high biodiversity importance, including ecosystems of high ecological integrity, close to zero by 2030, while respecting the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Priority retention of intact / wilderness areas | Not yet available | Methodology for calculating the indicator is under development. Current metadata indicates that this indicator will rely on spatial data for its calculation. | ||||
Target 2: Restore 30% of all Degraded Ecosystems
Ensure that by 2030 at least 30 per cent of areas of degraded terrestrial, inland water, and coastal and marine ecosystems are under effective restoration, in order to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, ecological integrity and connectivity.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extent of natural ecosystems by type | Not yet available | Methodology for calculating the indicator is under development. Current metadata indicates that this indicator will rely on spatial data for its calculation. | ||||
| Maintenance and restoration of connectivity of natural ecosystems | Not yet available | Methodology for calculating the indicator is under development. Current metadata indicates that this indicator will rely on spatial data for its calculation. | ||||
Target 3: Conserve 30% of Land, Waters and Seas
Ensure and enable that by 2030 at least 30 per cent of terrestrial, inland water, and of coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, are effectively conserved and managed through ecologically representative, well-connected and equitably governed systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, recognizing indigenous and traditional territories where applicable, and integrated into wider landscapes, seascapes and the ocean, while ensuring that any sustainable use, where appropriate in such areas, is fully consistent with conservation outcomes, recognizing and respecting the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities, including over their traditional territories.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protected area coverage of key biodiversity areas | Not yet available | Key Biodiversity Areas | Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) are sites contributing significantly to the global persistence of biodiversity. KBAs are identified by applying the criteria and thresholds included in the “A Global Standard for the Identification of Key Biodiversity Areas” approved by the IUCN in April 2016. This standard applies to all taxa and all levels of biodiversity (genetic, species and ecosystems). There are 11 criteria grouped under five categories: Threatened biodiversity, Geographically restricted biodiversity, Ecological integrity, Biological processes and Irreplaceability through quantitative analysis. | Annual | Approximately 3km (coarse public overview layer on UNBL). Polygon/Point data is available for country workspaces on UNBL; other uses require a data request from the KBA Partnership. | View data |
| World Database on Protected Areas | The WDPA (World Database on Protected Area) is the most comprehensive global database of marine and terrestrial protected areas, comprising both spatial data (i.e. boundaries and points) with associated attribute data (i.e. tabular information). | Annual | N/A1 | View data | ||
| Protected Area Management Effectiveness (PAME) | Not yet available | Protected Area Management Effectiveness (PAME) | The Global Database on Protected Area Management Effectiveness (GD-PAME) is the most comprehensive global database of management effectiveness assessments for protected areas. It indicates if a protected area documented in the WDPA has been assessed. The GD-PAME is a searchable database that includes assessments submitted by a wide range of governmental and non-governmental organizations to UNEP-WCMC. | Monthly | Protected area-level stat | View data |
| ProtConn | Not yet available | Protected Area Connectivity (ProtConn) | ProtConn, an indicator of the connectivity of Protected Areas (PAs) systems that improves the detail and comprehensiveness of previous related assessments mainly by depicting different categories of land through which movement between protected locations may occur, including the assessment of the contribution of transboundary PAs to connectivity. | 2 years | 10km | View data |
| Protected Area Connectedness Index (PARC-Connectedness) | View | Protected Area Connectedness Index (PARC-Connectedness) | The Protected Area Representativeness and Connectedness (PARC) indices measure the extent to which terrestrial protected areas, and other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs), are ecologically representative, and well-connected. | 2 years | 30 arc-sec | View data |
| Red List of Ecosystems | View | Red List of Ecosystems | The Red List of Ecosystems framework assesses the relative risk of ecosystem collapse of an ecosystem type. The indicator ‘Red List Index of Ecosystems (RLIe)’ measures the average risk of ecosystem collapse of a group of ecosystems and allows for tracking change over time, based on genuine change in the risk category of each ecosystem. The RLIe can be calculated for any set of ecosystem types for which there are Red List of Ecosystems assessments. It can thus be calculated at the country level or at the global level, or for broad ecosystem groups (such as forests) |
5 years | Unknown 2 | Pending |
| Connectivity Indicator | Not yet available | Methodology for calculating the indicator is under development. Current metadata indicates that this indicator will rely on spatial data for its calculation. | ||||
| Species Protection Index | Not yet available | Species Protection Index | The Species Protection Index (SPI) captures how adequately Protected Areas or Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Measures, i.e. conservation areas, conserve habitat and support the health and survival of species and their populations. | Annual | Unknown 2 | Pending |
Target 4: Halt Species Extinction, Protect Genetic Diversity, and Manage Human-Wildlife Conflicts
Ensure urgent management actions to halt human induced extinction of known threatened species and for the recovery and conservation of species, in particular threatened species, to significantly reduce extinction risk, as well as to maintain and restore the genetic diversity within and between populations of native, wild and domesticated species to maintain their adaptive potential, including through in situ and ex situ conservation and sustainable management practices, and effectively manage human-wildlife interactions to minimize human-wildlife conflict for coexistence.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Living Planet Index | View | Living Planet Index | The Living Planet Index is a multi-species indicator which tracks average changes in the relative abundance of species populations over time. | 2 Years | N/A 1 | View data |
| Number of plant and animal genetic resources secured in medium or long- term conservation facilities | Not yet available | Number of unique plant genetic samples in conservation facilities | The conservation of plant and animal genetic resources for food and agriculture (GRFA) in medium- or long-term conservation facilities (ex situ, in genebanks) represents the most trusted means of conserving genetic resources worldwide. Plant and animal GRFA conserved in these facilities can be easily used in breeding programmes as well, even directly on-farm. The measure of trends in ex situ conserved materials provides an overall assessment of the extent to which we are managing to maintain and/or increase the total genetic diversity available for future use. | Annual | Stats by mandate (national, regional, international) | View data |
| A.3: Red List Index | View | Methodology for calculating the indicator is under development. Current metadata indicates that this indicator will rely on spatial data for its calculation. | ||||
Target 5: Ensure Sustainable, Safe and Legal Harvesting and Trade of Wild Species
Ensure that the use, harvesting and trade of wild species is sustainable, safe and legal, preventing overexploitation, minimizing impacts on non-target species and ecosystems, and reducing the risk of pathogen spill-over, applying the ecosystem approach, while respecting and protecting customary sustainable use by indigenous peoples and local communities.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Living Planet Index | Not yet available | Living Planet Index | The use of wildlife supports many people for their food, medicine, and livelihoods. Ensuring that this use is sustainable is central to conservation to ensure the persistence of species alongside continued utilization by people. Using more than 11,000 wildlife population trends from the Living Planet Index, the authors conducted a global analysis of local-scale data to better understand how wildlife populations respond to utilization. | 2 years | N/A 1 | View data |
Target 6: Reduce the Introduction of Invasive Alien Species by 50% and Minimize Their Impact
Eliminate, minimize, reduce and or mitigate the impacts of invasive alien species on biodiversity and ecosystem services by identifying and managing pathways of the introduction of alien species, preventing the introduction and establishment of priority invasive alien species, reducing the rates of introduction and establishment of other known or potential invasive alien species by at least 50 per cent, by 2030, eradicating or controlling invasive alien species especially in priority sites, such as islands.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rate of invasive species impact and rate of impact | Not yet available | Methodology for calculating the indicator is under development by the AHTEG on Indicators. Current metadata indicates that this indicator will rely on spatial data for its calculation. | ||||
| Rate of invasive alien species spread | Not yet available | Methodology for calculating the indicator is under development by the AHTEG on Indicators. Current metadata indicates that this indicator will rely on spatial data for its calculation. | ||||
| Number of invasive alien species introduction events | Not yet available | Methodology for calculating the indicator is under development by the AHTEG on Indicators. Current metadata indicates that this indicator will rely on spatial data for its calculation. | ||||
Target 7: Reduce Pollution to Levels That Are Not Harmful to Biodiversity
Reduce pollution risks and the negative impact of pollution from all sources, by 2030, to levels that are not harmful to biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, considering cumulative effects, including: reducing excess nutrients lost to the environment by at least half including through more efficient nutrient cycling and use; reducing the overall risk from pesticides and highly hazardous chemicals by at least half including through integrated pest management, based on science, taking into account food security and livelihoods; and also preventing, reducing, and working towards eliminating plastic pollution.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fertilizer use | Not yet available | Methodology for calculating the indicator is under development. Current metadata indicates that this indicator will rely on spatial data for its calculation. | ||||
| Proportion of domestic and industrial wastewater flow safely treated | Not yet available | Proportion of domestic wastewater that is safely treated | Proportion of wastewater flows from households that are treated and discharged in compliance with national and local standards (or in the absence of such data, treated by secondary or higher processes). Includes household wastewater transferred through sewers to a wastewater treatment plant (‘treated sewage’), released into an on-site treatment system (‘treated in-situ’) and released into an on-site system for which fecal sludge is emptied and transported to a treatment plant (‘treated from on-site’). | Annual | Country level stats | View data |
| Floating plastic debris density (by micro and macro plastics) | Not yet available | Spatial distribution of micro-and macroplastics in large marine ecosystems | Plastic debris density includes potential measurement of plastics washed onto beaches or shorelines, floating on the water or in the water column, deposited on the seafloor/seabed, as well as ingested by biota; however, it is also important to note the importance of monitoring information on waste management and the sources of plastic pollution for understanding plastic pollution. | Annual | N/A 1 | View data |
Target 8: Minimize the Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity and Build Resilience
Minimize the impact of climate change and ocean acidification on biodiversity and increase its resilience through mitigation, adaptation, and disaster risk reduction actions, including through nature-based solution and/or ecosystem-based approaches, while minimizing negative and fostering positive impacts of climate action on biodiversity.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total climate regulation services provided by ecosystems and by ecosystem type (System of Environmental Economic Accounts) | Not yet available | Methodology for calculating the indicator is under development. Current metadata indicates that this indicator will rely on spatial data for its calculation. | ||||
| National greenhouse inventories from land use and land-use change | Not yet available | Methodology for calculating the indicator is under development. Current metadata indicates that this indicator will rely on spatial data for its calculation. | ||||
| Bioclimatic Ecosystem Resilience Index (BERI) | View | Spatial distribution of micro-and macroplastics in large marine ecosystems | The Bioclimatic Ecosystem Resilience Index (BERI) measures the capacity of landscapes to retain species diversity in the face of climate change, as a function of the area, connectivity and integrity of natural ecosystems across those landscapes. The indicator assesses the extent to which any given spatial configuration of natural habitat will promote or hinder climate-induced shifts in biological distributions. It does this by analyzing the functional connectivity of each grid-cell of natural habitat to areas of habitat in the surrounding landscape which are projected to support a similar assemblage of species under climate change to that currently associated with the cell of interest. | 5 years | 30 arc-sec | View data |
Target 9: Manage Wild Species Sustainably To Benefit People
Ensure that the management and use of wild species are sustainable, thereby providing social, economic and environmental benefits for people, especially those in vulnerable situations and those most dependent on biodiversity, including through sustainable biodiversity-based activities, products and services that enhance biodiversity, and protecting and encouraging customary sustainable use by indigenous peoples and local communities.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Living Planet Index for Used Species | Not yet available | Living Planet Index | The use of wildlife supports many people for their food, medicine, and livelihoods. Ensuring that this use is sustainable is central to conservation to ensure the persistence of species alongside continued utilization by people. Using more than 11,000 wildlife population trends from the Living Planet Index, the authors conducted a global analysis of local-scale data to better understand how wildlife populations respond to utilization. | 2 years | N/A 1 | View data |
Target 10: Enhance Biodiversity and Sustainability in Agriculture, Aquaculture, Fisheries, and Forestry
Ensure that areas under agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry are managed sustainably, in particular through the sustainable use of biodiversity, including through a substantial increase of the application of biodiversity friendly practices, such as sustainable intensification, agroecological and other innovative approaches contributing to the resilience and long-term efficiency and productivity of these production systems and to food security, conserving and restoring biodiversity and maintaining nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Area of forest under sustainable management: total forest management certification by the Forest Stewardship Council and the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification | Not yet available | Forest certified for sustainable use (FAO) |
The area of forest, measured in hectares, which has been certified for sustainable use by and independently verified forest certification scheme, including the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC). |
Annual | Country-level stats | View data |
| Average income of small-scale food producers, by sex and indigenous status | Not yet available | Average income of small-scale food producers |
Average income of small-scale food producers employed in the farming, pastoral and forestry sectors. |
Annual | Country-level stats | View data |
Target 11: Restore, Maintain and Enhance Nature’s Contributions to People.
Restore, maintain and enhance nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services, such as regulation of air, water, and climate, soil health, pollination and reduction of disease risk, as well as protection from natural hazards and disasters, through nature-based solutions and/or ecosystem-based approaches for the benefit of all people and nature.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons, attributed to disasters per 100,000 population | Not yet available | Rate of deaths and missing persons due to natural disasters | Number of deaths and missing persons attributed to disasters, per 100,000 population | Annual | Country-level stats | View data |
| Mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene (exposure to unsafe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for All (WASH) services | Not yet available | Mortality rate attributable to unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene (unsafe WASH services) | The mortality rate attributed to unsafe WASH is defined as the number of deaths from unsafe WASH in a year, divided by the population, and multiplied by 100,000. | Annual | Country-level stats | View data |
| Annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (e.g., PM2.5 and PM10) in cities | Not yet available | Concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) (WHO) | The mean annual concentration of fine suspended particles of less than 2.5 microns in diameters is a common measure of air pollution. The mean is a population-weighted average for urban population in a country. | 2-3 years | Country-level stats | View data |
| Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality | Not yet available | Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality | Percentage of monitored water bodies in a country with good ambient water quality. The overall national indicator score is based on water body type (river, lake or groundwater), and by reporting basin districts, which are based on either single large river basins or several smaller river basins. | 3 years | Country-level stats | View data |
| Level of water stress | Not yet available | Level of water stress | Level of water stress (SDG 6.4.2) by major river basin - AQUASTAT (FAO). This map provides a global representation of the level of water stress spatially disaggregated by major river basin. | Annual | N/A 1 | Pending |
Target 12: Enhance Green Spaces and Urban Planning for Human Well-Being and Biodiversity
Significantly increase the area and quality and connectivity of, access to, and benefits from green and blue spaces in urban and densely populated areas sustainably, by mainstreaming the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and ensure biodiversity-inclusive urban planning, enhancing native biodiversity, ecological connectivity and integrity, and improving human health and well-being and connection to nature and contributing to inclusive and sustainable urbanization and the provision of ecosystem functions and services.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recreation and cultural ecosystem services provided | Not yet available | Methodology for calculating the indicator is under development. Current metadata indicates that this indicator will rely on spatial data for its calculation. | ||||
Target 14: Integrate Biodiversity in Decision-Making at Every Level
Ensure the full integration of biodiversity and its multiple values into policies, regulations, planning and development processes, poverty eradication strategies, strategic environmental assessments, environmental impact assessments and, as appropriate, national accounting, within and across all levels of government and across all sectors, in particular those with significant impacts on biodiversity, progressively aligning all relevant public and private activities, fiscal and financial flows with the goals and targets of this framework.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of countries with Implementation of the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting | Not yet available | Countries using the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting | The Global Assessment collects a wealth of information on the status and progress of implementation of the SEEA in countries. The below table shows country-by-country details on SEEA implementation from the 2022 administration of the Global Assessment. Details include the country's stage of implementation according to SDG indicator 15.9.1; whether the country is compiling the SEEA Central Framework, SEEA Ecosystem Accounting or both | Annual | Country-level stats | View data |
Target 16: Enable Sustainable Consumption Choices To Reduce Waste and Overconsumption
Ensure that people are encouraged and enabled to make sustainable consumption choices including by establishing supportive policy, legislative or regulatory frameworks, improving education and access to relevant and accurate information and alternatives, and by 2030, reduce the global footprint of consumption in an equitable manner, including through halving global food waste, significantly reducing overconsumption and substantially reducing waste generation, in order for all people to live well in harmony with Mother Earth.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food waste index | Not yet available | Food waste index | The Food Waste Index, measures food waste at retail and consumer level (households and food service). The Food Waste Index allows countries to measure and report on food loss generated in manufacturing processes, which would not be captured under key commodity losses by the Food Loss Index | Unknown | Country-level stats | View data |
| Material footprint per capita | Not yet available | Material footprint per capita | Material Footprint (MF) is the attribution of global material extraction to domestic final demand of a country. The total material footprint is the sum of the material footprint for biomass, fossil fuels, metal ores and non-metallic minerals. | 2 - 3 years | Country-level stats | View data |
| Ecological footprint | View | Ecological Footprint | Direct anthropogenic threats to biodiversity include habitat loss or damage, resource overexploitation, pollution, invasive species and climate change. These direct threats are the result of more distant, indirect drivers of biodiversity loss arising from consumption of resources and the generation of waste. The ultimate drivers of threats to biodiversity are human demands for food, fiber and timber, water, energy and area on which to build infrastructure. The Ecological Footprint measures the pressure such demands place on the regenerative capacity of productive ecosystems, measured through a sister indicator called biocapacity. The main aim of Ecological Footprint methodology is to promote recognition of ecological limits. This recognition should help safeguard the ecosystems’ viability (such as healthy forests, clean air, fertile soils and biodiversity) and life-supporting services. |
Annual | Country-level stats | View data |
Target 21: Ensure That Knowledge Is Available and Accessible To Guide Biodiversity Action
Ensure that the best available data, information and knowledge, are accessible to decision makers, practitioners and the public to guide effective and equitable governance, integrated and participatory management of biodiversity, and to strengthen communication, awareness-raising, education, monitoring, research and knowledge management and, also in this context, traditional knowledge, innovations, practices and technologies of indigenous peoples and local communities should only be accessed with their free, prior and informed consent[1], in accordance with national legislation.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Species Status Index | Not yet available | Species Status Information Index (SSII) | For a given species, the Species Information Index (SII) captures how well existing data covers the species’ expected range. At the species level, the SII can be computed across the entirety of the species’ expected range, ignoring national boundaries, or separately within each nation where it is expected to occur. | Annual | Unknown 2 | Pending |
A list of optional indicators for thematic or in-depth analysis of each goal and target which may be applicable at global, regional, national, and subnational levels. Complementary indicators were included on an ad hoc basis; this is not a comprehensive list of the spatial data recommended for calculation of complementary indicators in the indicator metadata associated with Decision 15/5.
Goal A: Protect and Restore
The integrity, connectivity and resilience of all ecosystems are maintained, enhanced, or restored, substantially increasing the area of natural ecosystems by 2050; Human induced extinction of known threatened species is halted, and, by 2050, the extinction rate and risk of all species are reduced tenfold and the abundance of native wild species is increased to healthy and resilient levels; The genetic diversity within populations of wild and domesticated species, is maintained, safeguarding their adaptive potential.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tree cover loss | Not yet available | Tree cover loss | This data is a collaboration between the GLAD (Global Land Analysis & Discovery) lab at the University of Maryland, Google, USGS, and NASA, measuring areas of tree cover loss across all global land (except Antarctica and other Arctic islands). The data were generated using multispectral satellite imagery from the Landsat 5 thematic mapper (TM), the Landsat 7 thematic mapper plus (ETM+), and the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensors. Over 1 million satellite images were processed and analyzed, including over 600,000 Landsat 7 images for the 2000-2012 interval, and more than 400,000 Landsat 5, 7, and 8 images for updates for the 2011-2022 interval. The clear land surface observations in the satellite images were assembled and a supervised learning algorithm was applied to identify per pixel tree cover loss. | Annual | 30 m | View data |
| Global coral reef extent | Not yet available | Global Distribution of Warm-Water Coral Reefs | This dataset shows the global distribution of coral reefs in tropical and subtropical regions. It is the most comprehensive global dataset of warm-water coral reefs to date, acting as a foundation baseline map for future, more detailed, work. This dataset was compiled from a number of sources by UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) and the WorldFish Centre, in collaboration with WRI (World Resources Institute) and TNC (The Nature Conservancy). | Unknown | Unknown 2 | |
| Global saltmarsh extent | Not yet available | Global Distribution of Saltmarshes | This dataset displays the extent of our knowledge regarding the distribution of saltmarshes globally, drawing from occurrence data (surveyed and/or remotely sensed). The dataset was developed to provide a baseline inventory of the extent of our knowledge regarding the global distribution of saltmarshes, which are ecosystems located in the intertidal zone of sheltered marine and estuarine coastlines. These ecosystems comprise brackish, shallow water with salt-tolerant plants such as herbs, grasses and shrubs, and are commonly found at temperate and high latitudes. Saltmarshes are of ecological importance as they underpin the estuarine food web. In particular, saltmarshes serve as nesting, nursery and feeding grounds for numerous species of birds, fish, molluscs and crustaceans, including commercially important fish species such as herring (Clupea harengus), and are also home to a number of Endangered and Critically Endangered species. | Unknown | N/A 1 | |
| Biodiversity Habitat Index | View | Protected Area Connectivity (ProtConn) | The Biodiversity Habitat Index (BHI) estimates the level of species diversity expected to be retained within any given spatial reporting unit (e.g. a country, a biome, an ecosystem type, or the entire planet) as a function of the area, connectivity and integrity of natural ecosystems across that unit. Results for the indicator can be expressed as either: 1) the ‘effective proportion of habitat’ remaining within the unit – adjusting for the effects of the condition and functional connectivity of that habitat, and of spatial variation in the species composition of ecological communities (beta diversity); or 2) the proportion of species expected to persist (i.e. avoid extinction) over the long term, predicted as a simple species-area based function of the effective proportion of habitat remaining. | 5 years | 30 arc-sec | |
| Bioclimatic Ecosystem Resilience Index (BERI) | View | Bioclimatic Ecosystem Resilience Index (BERI) | The Bioclimatic Ecosystem Resilience Index (BERI) measures the capacity of landscapes to retain species diversity in the face of climate change, as a function of the area, connectivity and integrity of natural ecosystems across those landscapes. The indicator assesses the extent to which any given spatial configuration of natural habitat will promote or hinder climate-induced shifts in biological distributions. It does this by analyzing the functional connectivity of each grid-cell of natural habitat to areas of habitat in the surrounding landscape which are projected to support a similar assemblage of species under climate change to that currently associated with the cell of interest. | 5 years | 30 arc-sec |
Goal B: Prosper with Nature
Biodiversity is sustainably used and managed and nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services, are valued, maintained and enhanced, with those currently in decline being restored, supporting the achievement of sustainable development for the benefit of present and future generations by 2050.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of mixed sites (having both natural and cultural Outstanding Universal Values), cultural landscapes (recognized as combined works of nature and people) and natural sites with cultural values including those supporting local and indigenous knowledge and practices inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List and UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves | Not yet available | UNESCO World Heritage Sites | World Heritage sites are unique and diverse. Heritage is our legacy from the past, what we live with today, and what we pass on to future generations. Our cultural and natural heritage are both irreplaceable sources of life and inspiration. | Unknown | N/A 1 | View data |
| Not yet available | UNESCO MAB Biosphere Reserves | The UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves Programme strives to: Identify and assess the changes in the biosphere resulting from human and natural activities and the effects of these changes on humans and the environment, in particular in the context of climate change; Study and compare the dynamic interrelationships between natural/near-natural ecosystems and socio-economic processes, in particular in the context of accelerated loss of biological and cultural diversity with unexpected consequences that impact the ability of ecosystems to continue to provide services critical for human well-being; Ensure basic human welfare and a livable environment in the context of rapid urbanization and energy consumption as drivers of environmental change; Promote the exchange and transfer of knowledge on environmental problems and solutions, and to foster environmental education for sustainable development. | Unknown | N/A 1 | View data |
Target 2: Restore 30% of all Degraded Ecosystems
Ensure that by 2030 at least 30 per cent of areas of degraded terrestrial, inland water, and coastal and marine ecosystems are under effective restoration, in order to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, ecological integrity and connectivity.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bioclimatic Ecosystem Resilience Index (BERI) | View | Bioclimatic Ecosystem Resilience Index (BERI) | The Bioclimatic Ecosystem Resilience Index (BERI) measures the capacity of landscapes to retain species diversity in the face of climate change, as a function of the area, connectivity and integrity of natural ecosystems across those landscapes. The indicator assesses the extent to which any given spatial configuration of natural habitat will promote or hinder climate-induced shifts in biological distributions. It does this by analyzing the functional connectivity of each grid-cell of natural habitat to areas of habitat in the surrounding landscape which are projected to support a similar assemblage of species under climate change to that currently associated with the cell of interest. | 5 years | 30 arc-sec | View data |
| Biodiversity Habitat Index | View | Biodiversity Habitat Index | The Biodiversity Habitat Index (BHI) estimates the level of species diversity expected to be retained within any given spatial reporting unit (e.g. a country, a biome, an ecosystem type, or the entire planet) as a function of the area, connectivity and integrity of natural ecosystems across that unit. Results for the indicator can be expressed as either: 1) the ‘effective proportion of habitat’ remaining within the unit – adjusting for the effects of the condition and functional connectivity of that habitat, and of spatial variation in the species composition of ecological communities (beta diversity); or 2) the proportion of species expected to persist (i.e. avoid extinction) over the long term, predicted as a simple species-area based function of the effective proportion of habitat remaining. | 5 years | 30 arc-sec | View data |
Target 3: Conserve 30% of Land, Waters and Seas
Ensure and enable that by 2030 at least 30 per cent of terrestrial, inland water, and of coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, are effectively conserved and managed through ecologically representative, well-connected and equitably governed systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, recognizing indigenous and traditional territories where applicable, and integrated into wider landscapes, seascapes and the ocean, while ensuring that any sustainable use, where appropriate in such areas, is fully consistent with conservation outcomes, recognizing and respecting the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities, including over their traditional territories.
| Indicator | Metadata for indicator calculation | Global data available | Global data description | Frequency of update for global data | Resolution of global data | UNBL Mapview URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of hectares of UNESCO designated sites (natural and mixed World Heritage sites and Biosphere Reserves) | Not yet available | UNESCO World Heritage Sites | World Heritage sites are unique and diverse. Heritage is our legacy from the past, what we live with today, and what we pass on to future generations. Our cultural and natural heritage are both irreplaceable sources of life and inspiration. | Unknown | N/A1 | View data |
| UNESCO MAB Biosphere Reserves | The UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves Programme strives to: Identify and assess the changes in the biosphere resulting from human and natural activities and the effects of these changes on humans and the environment, in particular in the context of climate change; Study and compare the dynamic interrelationships between natural/near-natural ecosystems and socio-economic processes, in particular in the context of accelerated loss of biological and cultural diversity with unexpected consequences that impact the ability of ecosystems to continue to provide services critical for human well-being; Ensure basic human welfare and a livable environment in the context of rapid urbanization and energy consumption as drivers of environmental change; Promote the exchange and transfer of knowledge on environmental problems and solutions, and to foster environmental education for sustainable development. | Unknown | N/A1 | View data |
1 N/A refers to data that are points or polygons vector layers.
2 Unknown refers to data that are raster layers where the spatial resolution of the data is unknown.
3 Methodology for calculating the indicator is under development and review by the AHTEG on Indicators. Current metadata suggests these data may be suitable for indicator calculation.
Note: The data shown here are aligned with Decision 15/5 and associated metadata on the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework Indicators Website as of December 2023. They will be updated based on the outcomes of the 26th meeting of the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice (SBSTTA26) and the 16th Conference of the Parties (COP16) of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
Disclaimer: This data collection is meant to serve as a resource of global spatial datasets available to support Parties as they implement the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. It does not replace Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Conference of Parties COP Decisions or related information that is, or will be, provided by CBD. It is recommended that countries validate the use of data before using them in the planning, implementation, and monitoring process.
