Data to Support the Monitoring Framework of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework

The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework represents a pivotal advancement in global efforts to reverse biodiversity loss and promote sustainable development. Its implementation will be monitored through a monitoring framework, based primarily on data collated at the national level. To support and supplement this mechanism, the data collection set out in this document, serves as a resource for countries to draw on in tracking progress and informing decision-making at the national level. It provides access to global data that could be used to calculate indicators to monitor implementation of national biodiversity strategies and action plans, that are aligned to the Global Biodiversity Framework.

About this data collection

This collection of datasets is a curated list of global spatial datasets that can be used at national and global scales to calculate selected headline, component, and complementary indicators of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, in instances where indicators are based on spatial data, and subject to national needs and priorities for monitoring. The UNBL team has identified that 41% of headline indicators and 34% of component indicators have methodology encouraging the use of spatial data. The list includes indicators that are reported as statistics at the country level, but are also visualizable as maps (e.g., a world map representing different country-level values). All data included in this data collection are the global spatial data referenced in the indicator metadata (available on the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework Indicators website and in CBD/SBSTTA/26/INF/14) associated with the recommendation on the monitoring framework for the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (CBD/SBSTTA/26/L.10) as of June 2024.

These global spatial reference datasets can be used in the following ways:

The datasets could act as a data standard that countries could use to evaluate their own national datasets against.
The datasets could be used to supplement the national datasets proposed for calculating the headline, component and complementary indicators of the monitoring framework subject to national needs and circumstances.
In circumstances where no national data exists for monitoring national actions and target implementation, these global reference data can be used to enable monitoring and supplement gaps in national data.

Technical guidance

UNBL also offers workspaces to visualise, manage, and analyse national datasets alongside these global datasets. Over the period 2023-2025, UNBL will further develop functionalities to support users in directly calculating indicators for their countries, as well as streamline connections to other relevant tools for monitoring and reporting, including the DaRT, Target Tracker, and the CBD Online Reporting Tool.

For further information on accessing these selected global data layers for national use, and using relevant UNBL data and tools, please see the technical guidance Using Spatial Data to Support the Development of Plans for National Monitoring Systems for the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework developed by the GEF-funded Global Biodiversity Framework Early Action Support Project.

About the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is the overarching instrument for biodiversity governance at the global level, towards the conservation of biodiversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources. At the 15th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP15) to the CBD, held in December 2022, countries adopted the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework to put nature on a path to recovery by 2030, towards the vision of living in harmony with nature by 2050. The framework features 4 long-term goals and 23 action-oriented targets which span across three broad clusters: reducing threats to biodiversity, meeting people’s needs through sustainable use and benefit-sharing, and tools and solutions for implementation and mainstreaming.

The associated monitoring framework for the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework adopted by Parties through CBD COP Decision 15/5 includes a set of headline indicators that capture the overall scope of the goals and targets and a number of component and complementary indicators that allow a more detailed analysis.

Decision 15/6 on the mechanisms for planning, monitoring, reporting, and review urges all Parties to use the headline indicators in relevant national planning processes and requests all Parties to use the headline indicators for national reporting under the Convention. Decision 15/5, Annex 1, states that “headline indicators use methodologies agreed by Parties and are calculated at a national level based on national data from national monitoring networks and national sources, recognizing that in some cases headline indicators may need to draw on global datasets.”

Please see the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework Indicators website for more information on the indicators adopted for the monitoring framework.

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Explore the collection in three easy steps:

To explore the data collection, click on the target of interest and browse the available global data layers that relate to each indicator.

Browse the datasets that may be relevant to monitoring the implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework at the national level.
Select a goal or target of interest to view a description, the associated indicators, and global datasets that may be relevant to support indicator calculation at the national level.
Click on ‘View data’ to view the dataset on UNBL

ⓘ Data to calculate indicators at the national level

Headline indicators, as set out in Decision 15/5, are “a minimum set of high-level indicators, which capture the overall scope of the goals and targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework to be used for planning and tracking progress. They are nationally, regionally and globally relevant indicators validated by Parties. These indicators can also be used for communication purposes.” Here we present a comprehensive list of spatial data that can be used for calculation of headline indicators as set out in the indicator metadata associated with Decision 15/5, which is available on the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework Indicators website and in CBD/SBSTTA/26/INF/14.

Goal A: Protect and Restore

The integrity, connectivity and resilience of all ecosystems are maintained, enhanced, or restored, substantially increasing the area of natural ecosystems by 2050; Human induced extinction of known threatened species is halted, and, by 2050, the extinction rate and risk of all species are reduced tenfold and the abundance of native wild species is increased to healthy and resilient levels; The genetic diversity within populations of wild and domesticated species, is maintained, safeguarding their adaptive potential.

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
A.1: Red List of Ecosystems	View	Red List of Ecosystems	The Red List of Ecosystems framework assesses the relative risk of ecosystem collapse of an ecosystem type. The indicator ‘Red List Index of Ecosystems (RLIe)’ measures the average risk of ecosystem collapse of a group of ecosystems and allows for tracking change over time, based on genuine change in the risk category of each ecosystem. The RLIe can be calculated for any set of ecosystem types for which there are Red List of Ecosystems assessments. It can thus be calculated at the country level or at the global level, or for broad ecosystem groups (such as forests).	5 years	N/A ¹	Pending
A.2: Extent of natural ecosystems	View
A.2: Extent of natural ecosystems	View	IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology (GET) Level 3	Natural ecosystems are predominantly influenced by natural ecological processes characterized by a stable ecological state maintaining ecosystem integrity; ecosystem condition ranges within its natural variability. Examples (with reference to IUCN GET) are primary and old growth forests, natural grasslands and savannahs, natural rivers and wetlands. Natural ecosystems are defined based on the following IUCN GET biomes: Realms: Terrestrial - Biomes T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6. Freshwater - Biomes F1, F2. Marine - Biomes M1, M2, M3. Freshwater Terrestrial - Biome TF1. Freshwater Marine - Biome FM1. Marine Terrestrial - Biomes MT1, MT2. Marine Freshwater Terrestrial - Biome MFT1. Managed/Anthropogenic ecosystems are predominantly influenced by human activities where a stable natural ecological state is unobtainable and future socio-economic interventions are required to maintain a new stable state. Examples (with reference to IUCN GET) are urban green spaces and croplands, artificial water bodies and anthropogenic marine systems. Managed/anthropogenic ecosystems are defined based on the based on the following IUCN GET biomes: Realms: Terrestrial - Biomes T7. Freshwater - Biomes F3. Marine - Biomes M4. Marine Terrestrial - MT3	N/A	30 arc-sec	View data
A.3: Red List Index	View	Red List Index	The Red List Index measures change in aggregate extinction risk across groups of species. It is based on genuine changes in the number of species in each category of extinction risk on The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and is expressed as changes in an index ranging from 0 to 1.	5 years	Country-level stats	View data

Goal B: Prosper with Nature

Biodiversity is sustainably used and managed and nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services, are valued, maintained and enhanced, with those currently in decline being restored, supporting the achievement of sustainable development for the benefit of present and future generations by 2050.

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
B.1: Services provided by ecosystems	View	Status 3. Methods developed (or partially developed) and tested/piloted, but data not yet widely available (and/or collection not yet underway). (Indicator/methodology maintained by an organization(s)).

Goal D: Invest and Collaborate

Adequate means of implementation, including financial resources, capacity-building, technical and scientific cooperation, and access to and transfer of technology to fully implement the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework are secured and equitably accessible to all Parties, especially developing country Parties, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as countries with economies in transition, progressively closing the biodiversity finance gap of $700 billion per year, and aligning financial flows with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and the 2050 Vision for biodiversity.

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
D.1: International public funding, including official development assistance for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems	View	Total official development assistance for biodiversity, by donor countries	The indicator measures the gross disbursements of total Official Development Assistance (ODA) from all donors for biodiversity. Data are also available in constant prices for commitments undertaken by donors, which signal a signed agreement to fund a particular activity. The data includes information on capacity development type of activities (e.g. technical assistance, scholarships, etc).	Annual	Country-level stats	View data

Target 1: Plan and Manage all Areas To Reduce Biodiversity Loss

Target 1

Ensure that all areas are under participatory, integrated, and biodiversity inclusive spatial planning and/or effective management processes addressing land and sea use change, to bring the loss of areas of high biodiversity importance, including ecosystems of high ecological integrity, close to zero by 2030, while respecting the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities.

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
A.1: Red List of Ecosystems	View	Red List of Ecosystems	The Red List of Ecosystems framework assesses the relative risk of ecosystem collapse of an ecosystem type. The indicator ‘Red List Index of Ecosystems (RLIe)’ measures the average risk of ecosystem collapse of a group of ecosystems and allows for tracking change over time, based on genuine change in the risk category of each ecosystem. The RLIe can be calculated for any set of ecosystem types for which there are Red List of Ecosystems assessments. It can thus be calculated at the country level or at the global level, or for broad ecosystem groups (such as forests).	5 years	Unknown ²	Pending
A.2: Extent of natural ecosystems	View
A.2: Extent of natural ecosystems	View	IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology GET) Level 3	Natural ecosystems are predominantly influenced by natural ecological processes characterized by a stable ecological state maintaining ecosystem integrity; ecosystem condition ranges within its natural variability. Examples (with reference to IUCN GET) are primary and old growth forests, natural grasslands and savannahs, natural rivers and wetlands. Natural ecosystems are defined based on the following IUCN GET biomes: Realms: Terrestrial - Biomes T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6. Freshwater - Biomes F1, F2. Marine - Biomes M1, M2, M3. Freshwater Terrestrial - Biome TF1. Freshwater Marine - Biome FM1. Marine Terrestrial - Biomes MT1, MT2. Marine Freshwater Terrestrial - Biome MFT1. Managed/Anthropogenic ecosystems are predominantly influenced by human activities where a stable natural ecological state is unobtainable and future socio-economic interventions are required to maintain a new stable state. Examples (with reference to IUCN GET) are urban green spaces and croplands, artificial water bodies and anthropogenic marine systems. Managed/anthropogenic ecosystems are defined based on the based on the following IUCN GET biomes: Realms: Terrestrial - Biomes T7. Freshwater - Biomes F3. Marine - Biomes M4. Marine Terrestrial - MT3	N/A	30 arc-sec	View data
1.1 Percentage of land and seas covered by biodiversity-inclusive spatial plans	View	Status 1: Methods not yet developed, and a process needs to be established to develop these.

Target 2: Restore 30% of all Degraded Ecosystems

Target 2

Ensure that by 2030 at least 30 per cent of areas of degraded terrestrial, inland water, and coastal and marine ecosystems are under effective restoration, in order to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, ecological integrity and connectivity.

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
2.1: Area under restoration	View	FERM (Framework for Ecosystem Restoration Monitoring)	At the moment, there is no mechanism for collecting area-based information on ecosystem restoration. FAO and key partners from the Monitoring Task Force of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration have defined a draft methodology for data collection, compilation, and reporting. The proposed workflow consists of four main elements: data compilation, country validation, reporting and capacity development. The primary platforms and reporting mechanisms for collecting information on restoration areas identified by the Working Group, include the Framework for Ecosystem Restoration Monitoring (FERM), and others. Restoration initiatives, led by public entities, private sector, civil society and individuals can share area based data and additional parameters for reporting area under restoration through any of the key identified platforms. FAO will compile data from the key platforms and harmonize the data through the FERM registry.	Unknown	N/A ¹	Pending
IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology (GET) Level 3	Area under restoration by ecosystem describes the area where restoration is happening. It will be reported by ecosystem and by country. A global ecosystem dataset is used as default data to make the map overlay that covers aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Available global ecosystem maps were evaluated and the outcome of the analysis found the most detailed and complete information is provided by the IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology 2.0 (Keith et al., 2022). The IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology 2.0 is the outcome of critical review and input by an extensive international network of ecosystem scientists, containing profiles for 25 biomes and 108 ecosystem functional groups (EFGs). Biomes will be used for disaggregation by ecosystems for reporting. Data type: tabular or spatially explicit.	Unknown	30 arc-sec	View data
World Database on Protected Areas	The primary platforms and reporting mechanisms for collecting information on restoration areas identified by the Working Group, include the World Database for Protected Areas (WDPA), Framework for Ecosystem Restoration Monitoring (FERM), etc.	Monthly	N/A ¹	View data

Indicator

Metadata for indicator calculation

Global data available

Global data description

Frequency of update for global data

Resolution of global data

UNBL Mapview URL

2.1: Area under restoration

View

FERM (Framework for Ecosystem Restoration Monitoring)

At the moment, there is no mechanism for collecting area-based information on ecosystem restoration. FAO and key partners from the Monitoring Task Force of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration have defined a draft methodology for data collection, compilation, and reporting. The proposed workflow consists of four main elements: data compilation, country validation, reporting and capacity development. The primary platforms and reporting mechanisms for collecting information on restoration areas identified by the Working Group, include the Framework for Ecosystem Restoration Monitoring (FERM), and others.

Restoration initiatives, led by public entities, private sector, civil society and individuals can share area based data and additional parameters for reporting area under restoration through any of the key identified platforms. FAO will compile data from the key platforms and harmonize the data through the FERM registry.

Unknown

N/A ¹

Pending

IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology (GET) Level 3

Area under restoration by ecosystem describes the area where restoration is happening. It will be reported by ecosystem and by country. A global ecosystem dataset is used as default data to make the map overlay that covers aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Available global ecosystem maps were evaluated and the outcome of the analysis found the most detailed and complete information is provided by the IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology 2.0 (Keith et al., 2022). The IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology 2.0 is the outcome of critical review and input by an extensive international network of ecosystem scientists, containing profiles for 25 biomes and 108 ecosystem functional groups (EFGs). Biomes will be used for disaggregation by ecosystems for reporting. Data type: tabular or spatially explicit.

Unknown

30 arc-sec

View data

World Database on Protected Areas

The primary platforms and reporting mechanisms for collecting information on restoration areas identified by the Working Group, include the World Database for Protected Areas (WDPA), Framework for Ecosystem Restoration Monitoring (FERM), etc.

Monthly

N/A ¹

View data

Target 3: Conserve 30% of Land, Waters and Seas

Target 3

Ensure and enable that by 2030 at least 30 per cent of terrestrial, inland water, and of coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, are effectively conserved and managed through ecologically representative, well-connected and equitably governed systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, recognizing indigenous and traditional territories where applicable, and integrated into wider landscapes, seascapes and the ocean, while ensuring that any sustainable use, where appropriate in such areas, is fully consistent with conservation outcomes, recognizing and respecting the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities, including over their traditional territories.

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
3.1: Coverage of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures	View	World Database on Protected Areas	Coverage by ecosystem component: The indicator shows the total percentage coverage of terrestrial and marine areas by protected areas and OECMs at the global level.	Monthly	N/A ¹	View data
	View	World Database of Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Measures (WD-OECM)	Coverage by ecosystem component: The indicator shows the total percentage coverage of terrestrial and marine areas by protected areas and OECMs at the global level.	Monthly	Unknown ²	View data

Target 4: Halt Species Extinction, Protect Genetic Diversity, and Manage Human-Wildlife Conflicts

Target 4

Ensure urgent management actions to halt human induced extinction of known threatened species and for the recovery and conservation of species, in particular threatened species, to significantly reduce extinction risk, as well as to maintain and restore the genetic diversity within and between populations of native, wild and domesticated species to maintain their adaptive potential, including through in situ and ex situ conservation and sustainable management practices, and effectively manage human-wildlife interactions to minimize human-wildlife conflict for coexistence.

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
A.3: Green Status of Species Index	View	Red List Index	The Red List Index measures change in aggregate extinction risk across groups of species. It is based on genuine changes in the number of species in each category of extinction risk on The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and is expressed as changes in an index ranging from 0 to 1.	5 Years	Country-level stats	View data

Target 5: Ensure Sustainable, Safe and Legal Harvesting and Trade of Wild Species

Target 5

Ensure that the use, harvesting and trade of wild species is sustainable, safe and legal, preventing overexploitation, minimizing impacts on non-target species and ecosystems, and reducing the risk of pathogen spill-over, applying the ecosystem approach, while respecting and protecting customary sustainable use by indigenous peoples and local communities.

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
5.1: Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels	View	Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels	Measures the sustainability of the world's marine capture fisheries by the abundance of the exploited fish stocks with respect to Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) levels. For each level of reporting (National, Regional, Global) the indicator is calculated as the ratio between the number of exploited fish stocks classified as "within biologically sustainable levels" and the total number of stocks in the Reference List that were classified with a determined status (within/not within "biologically sustainable levels").	Annual	Country-level stats	View data

Indicator

Metadata for indicator calculation

Global data available

Global data description

Frequency of update for global data

Resolution of global data

UNBL Mapview URL

5.1: Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels

View

Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels

Measures the sustainability of the world's marine capture fisheries by the abundance of the exploited fish stocks with respect to Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) levels.

For each level of reporting (National, Regional, Global) the indicator is calculated as the ratio between the number of exploited fish stocks classified as "within biologically sustainable levels" and the total number of stocks in the Reference List that were classified with a determined status (within/not within "biologically sustainable levels").

Annual

Country-level stats

View data

Target 7: Reduce Pollution to Levels That Are Not Harmful to Biodiversity

Target 7

Reduce pollution risks and the negative impact of pollution from all sources, by 2030, to levels that are not harmful to biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, considering cumulative effects, including: reducing excess nutrients lost to the environment by at least half including through more efficient nutrient cycling and use; reducing the overall risk from pesticides and highly hazardous chemicals by at least half including through integrated pest management, based on science, taking into account food security and livelihoods; and also preventing, reducing, and working towards eliminating plastic pollution.

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
7.1: Index of coastal eutrophication potential	View	Chlorophyll-a anomalies	Level 1: This sub-indicator evaluates the intra-annual changes in chlorophyll-a concentration anomalies in each Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and territorial sea using the NOAA VIIRS chlorophyll-a ratio anomaly product produced daily for the globe at 2 km spatial resolution. The daily global VIIRS chlorophyll-a concentrations are produced from the NOAA Multi-Sensor Level 1 to Level 2 (MSL12) processing of the VIIRS sensor on the Suomi SNPP satellite.	Daily	2km	View data
7.1: Index of coastal eutrophication potential	View	Chlorophyll-a deviation	The indicator aims to measure the contribution to coastal eutrophication from countries and the state of coastal eutrophication. Therefore, two levels of indicators are recommended. This data is Level 1: Globally available data from earth observations and modeling. Chlorophyll-A deviation modeling.	Monthly	4km	View data

Target 9: Manage Wild Species Sustainably To Benefit People

Target 9

Ensure that the management and use of wild species are sustainable, thereby providing social, economic and environmental benefits for people, especially those in vulnerable situations and those most dependent on biodiversity, including through sustainable biodiversity-based activities, products and services that enhance biodiversity, and protecting and encouraging customary sustainable use by indigenous peoples and local communities.

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
9.1: Benefits from the sustainable use of wild species	View	Status 1: Methods not yet developed, and a process needs to be established to develop these.

Target 10: Enhance Biodiversity and Sustainability in Agriculture, Aquaculture, Fisheries, and Forestry

Target 10

Ensure that areas under agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry are managed sustainably, in particular through the sustainable use of biodiversity, including through a substantial increase of the application of biodiversity friendly practices, such as sustainable intensification, agroecological and other innovative approaches contributing to the resilience and long-term efficiency and productivity of these production systems and to food security, conserving and restoring biodiversity and maintaining nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services.

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
10.1: Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture	View	Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture	The indicator is defined by the formula: Area under productive and sustainable agriculture/Agricultural land area. This implies the need to measure both the extent of land under productive and sustainable agriculture (the numerator), as well as the extent of agriculture land area (the denominator). The numerator captures the three dimensions of sustainable production: environmental, economic and social. It corresponds to the agricultural land area of the farms that satisfy the sustainability criteria of the 11 sub-indicators selected across all three dimensions. The denominator in turn is the sum of agricultural land area (as defined by FAO) utilized by agricultural holdings that are owned (excluding rented-out), rented-in, leased, sharecropped or borrowed. State or communal land used by farm holdings is not included.	Annual	Country-level stats	View data
10.2: Progress towards sustainable forest management	View	Proportion of forest with a long-term management plan	Sustainable forest management (SFM) has been formally defined, by the UN General Assembly, as follows: dynamic and evolving concept that aims to maintain and enhance the economic, social and environmental values of all types of forests, for the benefit of present and future generations (Resolution A/RES/62/98) The indicator is composed of two sub-indicators that measure progress towards several dimensions of sustainable forest management.	Annual	Country-level stats	View data
Forest area under an independently verified forest management certification scheme	Sustainable forest management (SFM) has been formally defined, by the UN General Assembly, as follows: dynamic and evolving concept that aims to maintain and enhance the economic, social and environmental values of all types of forests, for the benefit of present and future generations (Resolution A/RES/62/98) The indicator is composed of two sub-indicators that measure progress towards several dimensions of sustainable forest management.	Annual	N/A ¹	View data

Indicator

Metadata for indicator calculation

Global data available

Global data description

Frequency of update for global data

Resolution of global data

UNBL Mapview URL

10.1: Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture

View

Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture

The indicator is defined by the formula: Area under productive and sustainable agriculture/Agricultural land area. This implies the need to measure both the extent of land under productive and sustainable agriculture (the numerator), as well as the extent of agriculture land area (the denominator).

The numerator captures the three dimensions of sustainable production: environmental, economic and social. It corresponds to the agricultural land area of the farms that satisfy the sustainability criteria of the 11 sub-indicators selected across all three dimensions.

The denominator in turn is the sum of agricultural land area (as defined by FAO) utilized by agricultural holdings that are owned (excluding rented-out), rented-in, leased, sharecropped or borrowed. State or communal land used by farm holdings is not included.

Annual

Country-level stats

View data

10.2: Progress towards sustainable forest management

View

Proportion of forest with a long-term management plan

Sustainable forest management (SFM) has been formally defined, by the UN General Assembly, as follows: dynamic and evolving concept that aims to maintain and enhance the economic, social and environmental values of all types of forests, for the benefit of present and future generations (Resolution A/RES/62/98)

The indicator is composed of two sub-indicators that measure progress towards several dimensions of sustainable forest management.

Annual

Country-level stats

View data

Forest area under an independently verified forest management certification scheme

The indicator is composed of two sub-indicators that measure progress towards several dimensions of sustainable forest management.

Annual

N/A ¹

View data

Target 11: Restore, Maintain and Enhance Nature’s Contributions to People.

Target 11

Restore, maintain and enhance nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services, such as regulation of air, water, and climate, soil health, pollination and reduction of disease risk, as well as protection from natural hazards and disasters, through nature-based solutions and/or ecosystem-based approaches for the benefit of all people and nature.

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
B.1: Services provided by ecosystems*	View	Status 3. Methods developed (or partially developed) and tested/piloted, but data not yet widely available (and/or collection not yet underway). Indicator/Methodology maintained by an organization(s)

Target 12: Enhance Green Spaces and Urban Planning for Human Well-Being and Biodiversity

Target 12

Significantly increase the area and quality and connectivity of, access to, and benefits from green and blue spaces in urban and densely populated areas sustainably, by mainstreaming the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and ensure biodiversity-inclusive urban planning, enhancing native biodiversity, ecological connectivity and integrity, and improving human health and well-being and connection to nature and contributing to inclusive and sustainable urbanization and the provision of ecosystem functions and services.

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
12.1: Average share of the built-up area of cities that is green/blue space for public use for all	View	Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open space for public use for all, by sex, age and persons with disabilities	The following is the definition of the SDG 11.7.1 indicator and consequently there could be small variations in the definition for the “Average share of the built-up area of cities that is green/blue space for public use for all”. Indicator 11.7.1 has several interesting concepts that required global consultations and consensus. These include; built-up area, cities, open spaces for public use, etc. As a custodian agency, UN-Habitat has worked on these concepts along with several other partners.	Annual	Country-level stats	View data

Target 18: Reduce Harmful Incentives by at Least $500 Billion per Year, and Scale Up Positive Incentives for Biodiversity

Target 18

Identify by 2025, and eliminate, phase out or reform incentives, including subsidies, harmful for biodiversity, in a proportionate, just, fair, effective and equitable way, while substantially and progressively reducing them by at least 500 billion United States dollars per year by 2030, starting with the most harmful incentives, and scale up positive incentives for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity.

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
18.1: Positive incentives in place to promote biodiversity conservation and sustainable use	View	Policy Instruments for the Environment (PINE)	Definition of positive incentives for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use: Positive incentives, or incentive-based mechanisms or economic instruments are the set of policy instruments that are based on providing incentives for producers and consumers to behave in a more sustainable way. Economic instruments are fiscal and other economic incentives to incorporate environmental costs (and benefits) into production and consumption. The objective is to encourage environmentally sound and efficient production and consumption through full-cost pricing. In contrast to more traditional command-and-control approaches (e.g. restrictions on access or use, standards, etc), economic instruments can in theory meet a given environmental objective at a lower total economic cost.	Annual	Country-level stats	View data

Target 19: Mobilize $200 Billion per Year for Biodiversity From all Sources, Including $30 Billion Through International Finance

Target 19

Substantially and progressively increase the level of financial resources from all sources, in an effective, timely and easily accessible manner, including domestic, international, public and private resources, in accordance with Article 20 of the Convention, to implement national biodiversity strategies and action plans, by 2030 mobilizing at least 200 billion United States dollars per year.

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
D.1: International public funding, including official development assistance (ODA) for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems	View	Total official development assistance for biodiversity, by donor countries	The indicator measures the gross disbursements of total Official Development Assistance (ODA) from all donors for biodiversity. Data is also available in constant prices for commitments undertaken by donors, which signal a signed agreement to fund a particular activity. The data includes information on capacity development type of activities (e.g. technical assistance, scholarships, etc).	Annual	Country-level stats	View data

Target 21: Ensure That Knowledge Is Available and Accessible To Guide Biodiversity Action

Target 21

Ensure that the best available data, information and knowledge, are accessible to decision makers, practitioners and the public to guide effective and equitable governance, integrated and participatory management of biodiversity, and to strengthen communication, awareness-raising, education, monitoring, research and knowledge management and, also in this context, traditional knowledge, innovations, practices and technologies of indigenous peoples and local communities should only be accessed with their free, prior and informed consent[1], in accordance with national legislation.

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
21.1: Indicator on biodiversity information for the monitoring the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework	View	Status 2. Methods not yet developed, but a process is underway to develop them, led by one or more organisations, to develop them.

Target 22: Ensure Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice and Information Related to Biodiversity for all

Target 22

Ensure the full, equitable, inclusive, effective and gender-responsive representation and participation in decision-making, and access to justice and information related to biodiversity by indigenous peoples and local communities, respecting their cultures and their rights over lands, territories, resources, and traditional knowledge, as well as by women and girls, children and youth, and persons with disabilities and ensure the full protection of environmental human rights defenders.

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
22.1: Land-use change and land tenure in the traditional territories of indigenous peoples and local communities	N/A	Global Land Governance Index	LANDex is a global land governance index that aims to put people at the centre of land data, democratising land monitoring and building a data ecosystem that better captures the complex experience of land governance from diverse perspectives. All LANDex indicators are set on a 0-100 scale, with 100 being the most desirable score. A high score reflects the extent to which a country has fulfilled the criteria set forth by the indicator, whether it is an ideal proportion or provisions of law or expected rates of inclusion, among others.	Annual	Country-level stats	View data

Component indicators, as set out in Decision 15/5, are “a list of optional indicators that, together with the headline indicators, cover components of the goals and targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework which may apply at the global, regional, national, and subnational levels.” Here we present a comprehensive list of spatial data that can be used for calculation of component indicators as set out in the indicator metadata associated with Decision 15/5, which is available on the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework Indicators website and in CBD/SBSTTA/26/INF/14.

Goal A: Protect and Restore

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Ecosystem Intactness Index	Not yet available	Ecological Intactness Index	Human activities are altering natural areas worldwide. While our ability to map these activities at fine scales is improving, a simplistic binary characterization of habitat and non-habitat with a focus on change in habitat extent has dominated conservation assessments across different spatial scales. Here, the authors provide a Ecological Intactness Index metric that captures both habitat loss, quality and fragmentation effects which, when combined, are called intactness.	Annual	1km	View data
Ecosystem Integrity Index	Not yet available	Ecosystem Integrity Index	The Ecosystem Integrity Index (EII). The index provides a simple, yet scientifically robust, way of measuring, monitoring and reporting on ecosystem integrity at any geographical scale. It is formed of three components, structure, composition, and function, and measured against a natural (current potential) baseline on a scale of 0 to 1	Unknown	1km²	Pending
Species Habitat Index	Not yet available	Species Habitat Index	The Species Habitat Index (SHI) measures changes in ecosystem integrity through health of their component species populations and the associated processes and functions of ecological communities. The index captures alterations to the quality and connectivity of habitats at the level of single species and at fine spatial scale, addressing single square kilometer assemblages. When aggregated over a larger geographic unit (e.g., landscape, seascape, mountain region, ecological region, or country), SHI can provide a compound measure of an area’s ecological integrity and connectivity. When evaluated over species’ geographic ranges, the SHI also informs about trends in the health of species populations and potential changes in their genetic diversity.	Annual	1km²	Pending
Biodiversity Habitat Index	View	Biodiversity Habitat Index	The Biodiversity Habitat Index (BHI) estimates the level of species diversity expected to be retained within any given spatial reporting unit (e.g. a country, a biome, an ecosystem type, or the entire planet) as a function of the area, connectivity and integrity of natural ecosystems across that unit. Results for the indicator can be expressed as either: 1) the ‘effective proportion of habitat’ remaining within the unit – adjusting for the effects of the condition and functional connectivity of that habitat, and of spatial variation in the species composition of ecological communities (beta diversity); or 2) the proportion of species expected to persist (i.e. avoid extinction) over the long term, predicted as a simple species-area based function of the effective proportion of habitat remaining.	5 years	30 arc-sec	View data
Protected Connected (Protconn) index	Not yet available	Protected Area Connectivity (ProtConn)	ProtConn, an indicator of the connectivity of Protected Areas (PAs) systems that improves the detail and comprehensiveness of previous related assessments mainly by depicting different categories of land through which movement between protected locations may occur, including the assessment of the contribution of transboundary PAs to connectivity.	2 years	10km	View data
Protected Area Representativeness & Connectedness (PARC-Connectedness)	View	Protected Area Representativeness & Connectedness (PARC-Connectedness)	The Protected Area Representativeness and Connectedness (PARC) indices measure the extent to which terrestrial protected areas, and other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs), are ecologically representative, and well-connected.	2 years	30 arc-sec	View data
Number of extinctions averted	Not yet available	Number of extinctions averted	The authors identified a list of bird and mammal species for which conservation action prevented extinction by (a) identifying candidate species that could plausibly have gone extinct (i.e., the death of the last individual in the wild) without conservation action; (b) documenting for these species the key information needed to evaluate whether the actions implemented could plausibly have prevented their extinction; (c) using a Delphi technique to estimate the probability that each candidate species would have gone extinct in a counterfactual scenario without conservation action; and (d) retaining species with a high probability that conservation action prevented their extinction. They combined their results with the number of known extinctions to quantify the effect of conservation action on observed extinction rates.	Unknown ²	Country-level stats	View data
Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered index	Not yet available	Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered index	The EDGE index uses available extinction risk data for the world's most evolutionarily distinct and threatened species to provide explicit monitoring of documented extinctions and increases and decreases of extinction risk category on the IUCN Red List through time for these irreplaceable sets of species.	Unknown	Unknown ²	View data
Living Planet Index	View	Living Planet Index	The Living Planet Index is a multi-species indicator which tracks average changes in the relative abundance of species populations over time.	2 years	N/A ¹	View data

Goal B: Prosper with Nature

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Living Planet Index for utilized species	Not yet available	Living Planet Index for utilized species	The use of wildlife supports many people for their food, medicine, and livelihoods. Ensuring that this use is sustainable is central to conservation to ensure the persistence of species alongside continued utilization by people. Using more than 11,000 wildlife population trends from the Living Planet Index, the authors conducted a global analysis of local-scale data to better understand how wildlife populations respond to utilization.	2 years	N/A ¹	View data

Target 2: Restore 30% of all Degraded Ecosystems

Target 2

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Land degradation (Sustainable Development Goal indicator 15.3.1)	Not yet available	Land degradation (Sustainable Development Goal indicator 15.3.1)	SDG indicator 15.3.1 is a binary - degraded/not degraded - quantification based on the analysis of available data for three sub-indicators to be validated and reported by national authorities. The subindicators (Trends in Land Cover, Land Productivity and Carbon Stocks) were adopted by the UNCCD’s governing body in 2013 as part of its monitoring and evaluation approach.	4 years	Unknown ²	View data

Target 3: Conserve 30% of Land, Waters and Seas

Target 3

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Protected Connected (ProtConn) index	Not yet available	Protected Area Connectivity (ProtConn)	ProtConn, an indicator of the connectivity of Protected Areas (PAs) systems that improves the detail and comprehensiveness of previous related assessments mainly by depicting different categories of land through which movement between protected locations may occur, including the assessment of the contribution of transboundary PAs to connectivity.	2 years	10km	View data
Protected Area Connectedness Index (PARC-Connectedness)	View	Protected Area Connectedness Index (PARC-Connectedness)	The Protected Area Representativeness and Connectedness (PARC) indices measure the extent to which terrestrial protected areas, and other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs), are ecologically representative, and well-connected.	2 years	30 arc-sec	View data
Species Protection Index	Not yet available	Species Protection Index	The Species Protection Index (SPI) captures how adequately Protected Areas or Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Measures, i.e. conservation areas, conserve habitat and support the health and survival of species and their populations.	Annual	Unknown ²	Pending

Target 4: Halt Species Extinction, Protect Genetic Diversity, and Manage Human-Wildlife Conflicts

Target 4

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Living Planet Index	View	Living Planet Index	The Living Planet Index is a multi-species indicator which tracks average changes in the relative abundance of species populations over time.	2 Years	N/A¹	View data
Number of plant and animal genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in medium or long-term conservation facilities	Not yet available	Number of unique plant genetic samples in conservation facilities	The conservation of plant and animal genetic resources for food and agriculture (GRFA) in medium- or long-term conservation facilities (ex situ, in genebanks) represents the most trusted means of conserving genetic resources worldwide. Plant and animal GRFA conserved in these facilities can be easily used in breeding programmes as well, even directly on-farm. The measure of trends in ex situ conserved materials provides an overall assessment of the extent to which we are managing to maintain and/or increase the total genetic diversity available for future use.	Annual	Stats by mandate (national, regional, international)	View data
Green Status of Species Index	View	Current metadata mentioned that the Green Status of Species Index is currently in development. The year of availability is not currently known, though the aim is to be fully developed and available by 2025 at the latest.
Human-wildlife conflict indicator	No data currently available
Proportion of local breeds classified as being at risk of extinction	Not yet available	Proportion of local breeds classified as being at risk of extinction	The indicator presents the percentage of local livestock breeds among local breeds with known risk status classified as being at risk of extinctions at a certain moment in time, as well as the trends for this percentage.	Annual	Country-level stats	View data

Target 5: Ensure Sustainable, Safe and Legal Harvesting and Trade of Wild Species

Target 5

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Living Planet Index for utilized species	Not yet available	Living Planet Index (utilized species)	The use of wildlife supports many people for their food, medicine, and livelihoods. Ensuring that this use is sustainable is central to conservation to ensure the persistence of species alongside continued utilization by people. Using more than 11,000 wildlife population trends from the Living Planet Index, the authors conducted a global analysis of local-scale data to better understand how wildlife populations respond to utilization.	2 years	N/A ¹	View data
Degree of implementation of international instruments aiming to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing	Not yet available	Degree of implementation of international instruments aiming to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing	Progress by countries in the degree of implementation of international instruments aiming to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing.	Annual	Country-level stats	View data

Target 7: Reduce Pollution to Levels That Are Not Harmful to Biodiversity

Target 7

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Cropland nutrient budget	Not yet available	Cropland nutrient budget	The Cropland Nutrient Budget domain contains information on the flows of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from synthetic fertilizer, manure applied to soils, atmospheric deposition, crop removal, and biological fixation over cropland and per unit area of cropland. The flows are aggregated to total inputs and total outputs, from which the overall nutrient budget and nutrient use efficiency on cropland are calculated. Statistics are disseminated in units of tonnes and in kg/ha, as appropriate. Nutrient use efficiency is expressed as a fraction (%). Data are available by country, with global coverage relative to the period 1961-2020, with annual updates.	Annual	Country-level stats	View data
Proportion of domestic and industrial wastewater flow safely treated	Not yet available	Proportion of domestic wastewater that is safely treated	Proportion of wastewater flows from households that are treated and discharged in compliance with national and local standards (or in the absence of such data, treated by secondary or higher processes). Includes household wastewater transferred through sewers to a wastewater treatment plant (‘treated sewage’), released into an on-site treatment system (‘treated in-situ’) and released into an on-site system for which fecal sludge is emptied and transported to a treatment plant (‘treated from on-site’).	Annual	Country-level stats	View data
Floating plastic debris density (by micro and macro plastics (Sustainable Development Goal indicator 14.1.1(b))	Not yet available	Floating plastic debris density (by micro and macro plastics (Sustainable Development Goal indicator 14.1.1(b))	The indicator 14.1.1b “Plastic debris density" includes potential measurement of plastics washed onto beaches or shorelines, floating on the water or in the water column, deposited on the seafloor/seabed, as well as ingested by biota; however, it is also important to note the importance of monitoring information on waste management and the sources of plastic pollution for understanding plastic pollution.	Unknown	Country-level stats	View data
Red List Index (impact of pollution)	Not yet available	Red List Index (impact of pollution)	The RLI (impacts of pollution) is based on data from the IUCN Red List, specifically the number of species in each Red List category of extinction risk, and the number moving categories between assessments owing to genuine improvement or deterioration in status driven by impacts pollution or its control. All other changes are excluded, whether from improved knowledge, or genuine impacts of other threats or their control.	Annual	Country-level stats	Pending

Target 8: Minimize the Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity and Build Resilience

Target 8

Minimize the impact of climate change and ocean acidification on biodiversity and increase its resilience through mitigation, adaptation, and disaster risk reduction actions, including through nature-based solution and/or ecosystem-based approaches, while minimizing negative and fostering positive impacts of climate action on biodiversity.

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Bioclimatic Ecosystem Resilience Index (BERI)	View	Bioclimatic Ecosystem Resilience Index (BERI)	The Bioclimatic Ecosystem Resilience Index (BERI) measures the capacity of landscapes to retain species diversity in the face of climate change, as a function of the area, connectivity and integrity of natural ecosystems across those landscapes. The indicator assesses the extent to which any given spatial configuration of natural habitat will promote or hinder climate-induced shifts in biological distributions. It does this by analyzing the functional connectivity of each grid-cell of natural habitat to areas of habitat in the surrounding landscape which are projected to support a similar assemblage of species under climate change to that currently associated with the cell of interest.	5 years	30 arc-sec	View data

Target 9: Manage Wild Species Sustainably To Benefit People

Target 9

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Living Planet Index for utilized species	Not yet available	Living Planet Index (utilized species)	The use of wildlife supports many people for their food, medicine, and livelihoods. Ensuring that this use is sustainable is central to conservation to ensure the persistence of species alongside continued utilization by people. Using more than 11,000 wildlife population trends from the Living Planet Index, the authors conducted a global analysis of local-scale data to better understand how wildlife populations respond to utilization.	2 years	N/A ¹	View data

Target 10: Enhance Biodiversity and Sustainability in Agriculture, Aquaculture, Fisheries, and Forestry

Target 10

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Average income of small-scale food producers, by sex and indigenous status	Not yet available	Average income of small-scale food producers	Average income of small-scale food producers employed in the farming, pastoral and forestry sectors.	Annual	Country-level stats	View data

Target 11: Restore, Maintain and Enhance Nature’s Contributions to People.

Target 11

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (e.g., PM2.5 and PM10) in cities	Not yet available	Concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) (WHO)	The mean annual concentration of fine suspended particles of less than 2.5 microns in diameters is a common measure of air pollution. The mean is a population-weighted average for urban population in a country.	2-3 years	Country-level stats	View data
Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality	Not yet available	Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality	Percentage of monitored water bodies in a country with good ambient water quality. The overall national indicator score is based on water body type (river, lake or groundwater), and by reporting basin districts, which are based on either single large river basins or several smaller river basins.	3 years	Country-level stats	View data
Level of water stress	Not yet available	Level of water stress (SDG 6.4.2) by major river basin	Level of water stress (SDG 6.4.2) by major river basin - AQUASTAT (FAO). This map provides a global representation of the level of water stress spatially disaggregated by major river basin.	Annual	N/A ¹	View data

Target 13: Increase the Sharing of Benefits From Genetic Resources, Digital Sequence Information and Traditional Knowledge

Target 13

Take effective legal, policy, administrative and capacity-building measures at all levels, as appropriate, to ensure the fair and equitable sharing of benefits that arise from the utilization of genetic resources and from digital sequence information on genetic resources, as well as traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources, and facilitating appropriate access to genetic resources, and by 2030 facilitating a significant increase of the benefits shared, in accordance with applicable international access and benefit-sharing instruments.

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Total number of internationally recognized certificates published in the Access and Benefit-sharing Clearing-House	Not yet available	Total number of internationally recognized certificates published in the Access and Benefit-sharing Clearing-House	An Internationally Recognized Certificate of Compliance (IRCC) indicates that material has been obtained in accordance with national laws on access and benefit-sharing. The Clearing House generates the permit based on information provided by the relevant authority in the provider country.	Unknown	Country-level stats	View data

Target 14: Integrate Biodiversity in Decision-Making at Every Level

Target 14

Ensure the full integration of biodiversity and its multiple values into policies, regulations, planning and development processes, poverty eradication strategies, strategic environmental assessments, environmental impact assessments and, as appropriate, national accounting, within and across all levels of government and across all sectors, in particular those with significant impacts on biodiversity, progressively aligning all relevant public and private activities, fiscal and financial flows with the goals and targets of this framework.

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Integration of biodiversity into national accounting and reporting systems, defined as implementation of the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (Sustainable Development Goal indicator 15.9.1b)	Not yet available	Integration of biodiversity into national accounting and reporting systems, defined as implementation of the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (Sustainable Development Goal indicator 15.9.1b)	The indicator measures the progress towards national targets established in accordance with Aichi Biodiversity Target 2 of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020: By 2020, at the latest, biodiversity values have been integrated into national and local development and poverty reduction strategies and planning processes and are being incorporated into national accounting, as appropriate, and reporting systems.	Unknown	Country-level stats	View data

Target 15: Businesses Assess, Disclose and Reduce Biodiversity-Related Risks and Negative Impacts

Target 15

Take legal, administrative or policy measures to encourage and enable business, and in particular to ensure that large and transnational companies and financial institutions:

(a) Regularly monitor, assess, and transparently disclose their risks, dependencies and impacts on biodiversity, including with requirements for all large as well as transnational companies and financial institutions along their operations, supply and value chains and portfolios;

(b) Provide information needed to consumers to promote sustainable consumption patterns;

in order to progressively reduce negative impacts on biodiversity, increase positive impacts, reduce biodiversity-related risks to business and financial institutions, and promote actions to ensure sustainable patterns of production.

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Number of companies publishing sustainability reports (Sustainable Development Goal indicator 12.6.1)	Not yet available	Number of companies publishing sustainability reports (Sustainable Development Goal indicator 12.6.1)	For the purposes of this indicator, ‘sustainability reports’ will not be limited to stand-alone sustainability reports produced by companies, but will be considered as ‘reporting sustainability information’ and expanded to other forms of reporting sustainability information, such as publishing sustainability information as part of the company’s annual reports or reporting sustainability information to the national government. This is to ensure that the focus of the indicator is on tracking the publishing of sustainability information, rather than on the practice of publishing stand-alone sustainability reports. It also ensures that the indicator interpretation is aligned with the wording of Target 12.6 which refers to promoting “the integration of sustainability information into the annual reporting cycle of companies”.	Unknown	Country-level stats	View data

Target 16: Enable Sustainable Consumption Choices To Reduce Waste and Overconsumption

Target 16

Ensure that people are encouraged and enabled to make sustainable consumption choices including by establishing supportive policy, legislative or regulatory frameworks, improving education and access to relevant and accurate information and alternatives, and by 2030, reduce the global footprint of consumption in an equitable manner, including through halving global food waste, significantly reducing overconsumption and substantially reducing waste generation, in order for all people to live well in harmony with Mother Earth.

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Food waste index	Not yet available	Food waste index	The Food Waste Index, measures food waste at retail and consumer level (households and food service). The Food Waste Index allows countries to measure and report on food loss generated in manufacturing processes, which would not be captured under key commodity losses by the Food Loss Index.	Unknown	Country-level stats	View data
Material footprint per capita	Not yet available	Material footprint per capita	Material Footprint (MF) is the attribution of global material extraction to domestic final demand of a country. The total material footprint is the sum of the material footprint for biomass, fossil fuels, metal ores and non-metallic minerals.	2 - 3 years	Country-level stats	View data
Global environmental impacts of consumption	Not yet available	The Global Environmental Impacts of Consumption (GEIC) Indicator	Tracking the environmental impacts embedded in commodity consumption. This data provides estimates of global environmental impacts and risks driven by consumption and production activities. It links the production of over 160 agricultural commodities across 240 producer countries / territories ‘embedded’ within domestic and international supply chains to selected environmental impacts and risks associated with this production.	Annual	Country-level stats	View data
Ecological footprint	View	Ecological Footprint	Direct anthropogenic threats to biodiversity include habitat loss or damage, resource overexploitation, pollution, invasive species and climate change. These direct threats are the result of more distant, indirect drivers of biodiversity loss arising from consumption of resources and the generation of waste. The ultimate drivers of threats to biodiversity are human demands for food, fiber and timber, water, energy and area on which to build infrastructure. The Ecological Footprint measures the pressure such demands place on the regenerative capacity of productive ecosystems, measured through a sister indicator called biocapacity. The main aim of Ecological Footprint methodology is to promote recognition of ecological limits. This recognition should help safeguard the ecosystems’ viability (such as healthy forests, clean air, fertile soils and biodiversity) and life-supporting services.	Annual	Country-level stats	View data

Target 18: Reduce Harmful Incentives by at Least $500 Billion per Year, and Scale Up Positive Incentives for Biodiversity

Target 18

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Revenue generated from biodiversity-relevant taxes, fees and charges	Not yet available	Revenue generated from biodiversity-relevant taxes, fees and charges	Biodiversity-relevant taxes include taxes on pesticides, fertilisers, forest products and timber harvests. Based on the polluter pays principle, these instruments place an additional cost on the use of the natural resource or the emission of a pollutant, to reflect the negative environmental externalities that they generate. As such, they provide incentives for both producers and consumers to behave in a more environmentally-sustainable way.	Annual	Country-level stats	View data
Monetary value of biodiversity-positive subsidies	Not yet available	Monetary value of biodiversity-positive subsidies	Biodiversity-relevant subsidies include those environmentally-motivated subsidies that target, for example, forest management and reforestation, organic or environmentally-friendly agriculture, pesticide-free cultivation, and land conservation.	Annual	Country-level stats	Pending
Revenue generated by biodiversity-relevant tradable permits (if auctioned)	Not yet available	Revenue generated by biodiversity-relevant tradable permits (if auctioned)	Biodiversity-relevant tradable permits include individual transferable quotas (ITQs) for fisheries, tradable development rights, and tradable hunting rights. These policy instruments (also referred to as cap-and-trade programmes) set a limit on the total amount of a natural resource that can be exploited, and then allocate individual permits to users that they can also trade. The allocation of these permits can be grandfathered (i.e. allocated to existing users of the resource free of charge, typically in perpetuity) or auctioned. If they are auctioned, tradable permits can also mobilise finance.	Annual	Country-level stats	Pending
Monetary value of payments for ecosystem services	Not yet available	Monetary value of payments for ecosystem services	Payments for ecosystem services (PES) can be defined as: (1) voluntary transactions (2) between service users (3) and service providers (4) that are conditional on agreed rules of natural resource management (5) for generating offsite services (Wunder, 2015). PES are based on the user- or beneficiary-pays approach.	Annual	Country-level stats	Pending
Monetary value of biodiversity offsets	Not yet available	Monetary value of biodiversity offsets	Biodiversity offsets are conservation actions intended to compensate for residual, unavoidable impacts of development projects, after prevention and mitigation measures have taken place. Biodiversity offsets are based on the polluter pays principle.	Annual	Country-level stats	Pending
Number of other positive incentives in place for biodiversity (by type)	Not yet available	Number of other positive incentives in place for biodiversity (by type)	Economic instruments are the so called “positive incentives” embedded in the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, notably Target 18, and previously reflected in CBD Aichi Target 3. The OECD PINE database allows governments to indicate whether their biodiversity-relevant economic instruments are relevant to the conservation and sustainable use of terrestrial biodiversity, ocean biodiversity, or both.	Annual	Country-level stats	Pending
Monetary value of other positive incentives in place for biodiversity	Not yet available	Monetary value of other positive incentives in place for biodiversity	Economic instruments are the socalled “positive incentives” embedded in the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, notably Target 18, and previously reflected in CBD Aichi Target 3. The OECD PINE database allows governments to indicate whether their biodiversity-relevant economic instruments are relevant to the conservation and sustainable use of terrestrial biodiversity, ocean biodiversity, or both.	Annual	Country-level stats	Pending

Target 20: Strengthen Capacity-Building, Technology Transfer, and Scientific and Technical Cooperation for Biodiversity

Target 20

Strengthen capacity-building and development, access to and transfer of technology, and promote development of and access to innovation and technical and scientific cooperation, including through South-South, North-South and triangular cooperation, to meet the needs for effective implementation, particularly in developing countries, fostering joint technology development and joint scientific research programmes for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and strengthening scientific research and monitoring capacities, commensurate with the ambition of the goals and targets of the framework.

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Total amount of funding for developing countries to promote the development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies	Not yet available	Total amount of funding for developing countries to promote the development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies	SDG Indicator 17.7.1. Environmentally Sound Technologies (ESTs) are technologies that have the potential for significantly improved environmental performance relative to other technologies. ESTs protect the environment, are less polluting, use resources in a sustainable manner, recycle more of their wastes and products, and handle all residual wastes in a more environmentally acceptable way than the technologies for which they are substitutes. ESTs are not just individual technologies. They can also be defined as total systems that include know-how, procedures, goods and services, and equipment, as well as organizational and managerial procedures for promoting environmental sustainability. This means that any attempt to provide an assessment of investment into ESTs on either a global or national level must incorporate ways to track funding flows into both hard and soft technologies.	2 years	Country-level stats	View data

Target 21: Ensure That Knowledge Is Available and Accessible To Guide Biodiversity Action

Target 21

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Species Status Index	Not yet available	Species Status Information Index (SSII)	For a given species, the Species Information Index (SII) captures how well existing data covers the species’ expected range. At the species level, the SII can be computed across the entirety of the species’ expected range, ignoring national boundaries, or separately within each nation where it is expected to occur.	Annual	Unknown ²	Pending

Complementary indicators, as set out in Decision 15/5, are “a list of optional indicators for thematic or in-depth analysis of each goal and target which may be applicable at global, regional, national, and subnational levels.” Below, complementary indicators were included on an ad hoc basis; this is not a comprehensive list of the spatial data that can be used for calculation of complementary indicators as set out in the indicator metadata associated with Decision 15/5, which is available on the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework Indicators website and in CBD/SBSTTA/26/INF/14.

Goal A: Protect and Restore

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Rate of tree cover loss	Not yet available	Tree cover loss	This data is a collaboration between the GLAD (Global Land Analysis & Discovery) lab at the University of Maryland, Google, USGS, and NASA, measuring areas of tree cover loss across all global land (except Antarctica and other Arctic islands). The data were generated using multispectral satellite imagery from the Landsat 5 thematic mapper (TM), the Landsat 7 thematic mapper plus (ETM+), and the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensors. Over 1 million satellite images were processed and analyzed, including over 600,000 Landsat 7 images for the 2000-2012 interval, and more than 400,000 Landsat 5, 7, and 8 images for updates for the 2011-2022 interval. The clear land surface observations in the satellite images were assembled and a supervised learning algorithm was applied to identify per pixel tree cover loss.	Annual	30 m	View data
Mangrove extent	Not yet available	Global Mangrove Watch (SDG 6.6.1 Indicator)	The layers shown here indicate the global extent of mangrove forests in the years 1996, 2007 - 2010, 2015 - 2020, as well as changes in mangrove extent over the period 1996-2020.	Annual	N/A ¹	View data
Global saltmarsh extent	Not yet available	Global Distribution of Saltmarshes	This dataset displays the extent of our knowledge regarding the distribution of saltmarshes globally, drawing from occurrence data (surveyed and/or remotely sensed). The dataset was developed to provide a baseline inventory of the extent of our knowledge regarding the global distribution of saltmarshes, which are ecosystems located in the intertidal zone of sheltered marine and estuarine coastlines. These ecosystems comprise brackish, shallow water with salt-tolerant plants such as herbs, grasses and shrubs, and are commonly found at temperate and high latitudes. Saltmarshes are of ecological importance as they underpin the estuarine food web. In particular, saltmarshes serve as nesting, nursery and feeding grounds for numerous species of birds, fish, molluscs and crustaceans, including commercially important fish species such as herring (Clupea harengus), and are also home to a number of Endangered and Critically Endangered species.	Unknown	N/A ¹	View data
Forest Landscape Integrity Index	Not yet available	Forest Landscape Integrity Index (FLII)	The Forest Landscape Integrity Index integrates data on observed and inferred forest pressures and lost forest connectivity to generate the first globally-consistent, continuous index of forest integrity as determined by degree of anthropogenic modification. The result is a globally applicable, continuous-measure map of landscape-level forest integrity (hereafter, integrity), which offers a timely indicator of the status and management needs of Earth’s remaining forests.	Unknown	300m	View data
Bioclimatic Ecosystem Resilience Index	View	Bioclimatic Ecosystem Resilience Index (BERI)	The Bioclimatic Ecosystem Resilience Index (BERI) measures the capacity of landscapes to retain species diversity in the face of climate change, as a function of the area, connectivity and integrity of natural ecosystems across those landscapes. The indicator assesses the extent to which any given spatial configuration of natural habitat will promote or hinder climate-induced shifts in biological distributions. It does this by analyzing the functional connectivity of each grid-cell of natural habitat to areas of habitat in the surrounding landscape which are projected to support a similar assemblage of species under climate change to that currently associated with the cell of interest.	5 years	30 arc-sec	View data

¹ N/A refers to data that are points or polygons vector layers.
²Unknown refers to data that are raster layers where the spatial resolution of the data is unknown.
³ Methodology for calculating the indicator is under development and review by the AHTEG on Indicators. Current metadata suggests these data may be suitable for indicator calculation.

Acknowlegment: The development of this page was funded by the Global Environment Facility through the UNDP-led component of the Global Biodiversity Framework Early Action Support Project and by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.

Goal A: Protect and Restore

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
A.1: Red List of Ecosystems	View	Red List of Ecosystems	The Red List of Ecosystems framework assesses the relative risk of ecosystem collapse of an ecosystem type. The indicator ‘Red List Index of Ecosystems (RLIe)’ measures the average risk of ecosystem collapse of a group of ecosystems and allows for tracking change over time, based on genuine change in the risk category of each ecosystem. The RLIe can be calculated for any set of ecosystem types for which there are Red List of Ecosystems assessments. It can thus be calculated at the country level or at the global level, or for broad ecosystem groups (such as forests).	5 years	N/A ¹	Pending
A.2: Extent of natural ecosystems	View
A.2: Extent of natural ecosystems	View	IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology (GET) Level 3	Natural ecosystems are predominantly influenced by natural ecological processes characterized by a stable ecological state maintaining ecosystem integrity; ecosystem condition ranges within its natural variability. Examples (with reference to IUCN GET) are primary and old growth forests, natural grasslands and savannahs, natural rivers and wetlands. Natural ecosystems are defined based on the following IUCN GET biomes: Realms: Terrestrial - Biomes T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6. Freshwater - Biomes F1, F2. Marine - Biomes M1, M2, M3. Freshwater Terrestrial - Biome TF1. Freshwater Marine - Biome FM1. Marine Terrestrial - Biomes MT1, MT2. Marine Freshwater Terrestrial - Biome MFT1. Managed/Anthropogenic ecosystems are predominantly influenced by human activities where a stable natural ecological state is unobtainable and future socio-economic interventions are required to maintain a new stable state. Examples (with reference to IUCN GET) are urban green spaces and croplands, artificial water bodies and anthropogenic marine systems. Managed/anthropogenic ecosystems are defined based on the based on the following IUCN GET biomes: Realms: Terrestrial - Biomes T7. Freshwater - Biomes F3. Marine - Biomes M4. Marine Terrestrial - MT3	N/A	30 arc-sec	View data
A.3: Red List Index	View	Red List Index	The Red List Index measures change in aggregate extinction risk across groups of species. It is based on genuine changes in the number of species in each category of extinction risk on The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and is expressed as changes in an index ranging from 0 to 1.	5 years	Country-level stats	View data

Goal B: Prosper with Nature

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
B.1: Services provided by ecosystems	View	Status 3. Methods developed (or partially developed) and tested/piloted, but data not yet widely available (and/or collection not yet underway). (Indicator/methodology maintained by an organization(s)).

Goal D: Invest and Collaborate

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
D.1: International public funding, including official development assistance for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems	View	Total official development assistance for biodiversity, by donor countries	The indicator measures the gross disbursements of total Official Development Assistance (ODA) from all donors for biodiversity. Data are also available in constant prices for commitments undertaken by donors, which signal a signed agreement to fund a particular activity. The data includes information on capacity development type of activities (e.g. technical assistance, scholarships, etc).	Annual	Country-level stats	View data

Target 1: Plan and Manage all Areas To Reduce Biodiversity Loss

Target 1

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
A.1: Red List of Ecosystems	View	Red List of Ecosystems	The Red List of Ecosystems framework assesses the relative risk of ecosystem collapse of an ecosystem type. The indicator ‘Red List Index of Ecosystems (RLIe)’ measures the average risk of ecosystem collapse of a group of ecosystems and allows for tracking change over time, based on genuine change in the risk category of each ecosystem. The RLIe can be calculated for any set of ecosystem types for which there are Red List of Ecosystems assessments. It can thus be calculated at the country level or at the global level, or for broad ecosystem groups (such as forests).	5 years	Unknown ²	Pending
A.2: Extent of natural ecosystems	View
A.2: Extent of natural ecosystems	View	IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology GET) Level 3	Natural ecosystems are predominantly influenced by natural ecological processes characterized by a stable ecological state maintaining ecosystem integrity; ecosystem condition ranges within its natural variability. Examples (with reference to IUCN GET) are primary and old growth forests, natural grasslands and savannahs, natural rivers and wetlands. Natural ecosystems are defined based on the following IUCN GET biomes: Realms: Terrestrial - Biomes T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6. Freshwater - Biomes F1, F2. Marine - Biomes M1, M2, M3. Freshwater Terrestrial - Biome TF1. Freshwater Marine - Biome FM1. Marine Terrestrial - Biomes MT1, MT2. Marine Freshwater Terrestrial - Biome MFT1. Managed/Anthropogenic ecosystems are predominantly influenced by human activities where a stable natural ecological state is unobtainable and future socio-economic interventions are required to maintain a new stable state. Examples (with reference to IUCN GET) are urban green spaces and croplands, artificial water bodies and anthropogenic marine systems. Managed/anthropogenic ecosystems are defined based on the based on the following IUCN GET biomes: Realms: Terrestrial - Biomes T7. Freshwater - Biomes F3. Marine - Biomes M4. Marine Terrestrial - MT3	N/A	30 arc-sec	View data
1.1 Percentage of land and seas covered by biodiversity-inclusive spatial plans	View	Status 1: Methods not yet developed, and a process needs to be established to develop these.

Target 2: Restore 30% of all Degraded Ecosystems

Target 2

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
2.1: Area under restoration	View	FERM (Framework for Ecosystem Restoration Monitoring)	At the moment, there is no mechanism for collecting area-based information on ecosystem restoration. FAO and key partners from the Monitoring Task Force of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration have defined a draft methodology for data collection, compilation, and reporting. The proposed workflow consists of four main elements: data compilation, country validation, reporting and capacity development. The primary platforms and reporting mechanisms for collecting information on restoration areas identified by the Working Group, include the Framework for Ecosystem Restoration Monitoring (FERM), and others. Restoration initiatives, led by public entities, private sector, civil society and individuals can share area based data and additional parameters for reporting area under restoration through any of the key identified platforms. FAO will compile data from the key platforms and harmonize the data through the FERM registry.	Unknown	N/A ¹	Pending
IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology (GET) Level 3	Area under restoration by ecosystem describes the area where restoration is happening. It will be reported by ecosystem and by country. A global ecosystem dataset is used as default data to make the map overlay that covers aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Available global ecosystem maps were evaluated and the outcome of the analysis found the most detailed and complete information is provided by the IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology 2.0 (Keith et al., 2022). The IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology 2.0 is the outcome of critical review and input by an extensive international network of ecosystem scientists, containing profiles for 25 biomes and 108 ecosystem functional groups (EFGs). Biomes will be used for disaggregation by ecosystems for reporting. Data type: tabular or spatially explicit.	Unknown	30 arc-sec	View data
World Database on Protected Areas	The primary platforms and reporting mechanisms for collecting information on restoration areas identified by the Working Group, include the World Database for Protected Areas (WDPA), Framework for Ecosystem Restoration Monitoring (FERM), etc.	Monthly	N/A ¹	View data

Indicator

Metadata for indicator calculation

Global data available

Global data description

Frequency of update for global data

Resolution of global data

UNBL Mapview URL

2.1: Area under restoration

View

FERM (Framework for Ecosystem Restoration Monitoring)

Unknown

N/A ¹

Pending

IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology (GET) Level 3

Unknown

30 arc-sec

View data

World Database on Protected Areas

Monthly

N/A ¹

View data

Target 3: Conserve 30% of Land, Waters and Seas

Target 3

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
3.1: Coverage of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures	View	World Database on Protected Areas	Coverage by ecosystem component: The indicator shows the total percentage coverage of terrestrial and marine areas by protected areas and OECMs at the global level.	Monthly	N/A ¹	View data
	View	World Database of Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Measures (WD-OECM)	Coverage by ecosystem component: The indicator shows the total percentage coverage of terrestrial and marine areas by protected areas and OECMs at the global level.	Monthly	Unknown ²	View data

Target 4: Halt Species Extinction, Protect Genetic Diversity, and Manage Human-Wildlife Conflicts

Target 4

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
A.3: Green Status of Species Index	View	Red List Index	The Red List Index measures change in aggregate extinction risk across groups of species. It is based on genuine changes in the number of species in each category of extinction risk on The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and is expressed as changes in an index ranging from 0 to 1.	5 Years	Country-level stats	View data

Target 5: Ensure Sustainable, Safe and Legal Harvesting and Trade of Wild Species

Target 5

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
5.1: Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels	View	Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels	Measures the sustainability of the world's marine capture fisheries by the abundance of the exploited fish stocks with respect to Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) levels. For each level of reporting (National, Regional, Global) the indicator is calculated as the ratio between the number of exploited fish stocks classified as "within biologically sustainable levels" and the total number of stocks in the Reference List that were classified with a determined status (within/not within "biologically sustainable levels").	Annual	Country-level stats	View data

Indicator

Metadata for indicator calculation

Global data available

Global data description

Frequency of update for global data

Resolution of global data

UNBL Mapview URL

5.1: Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels

View

Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels

Measures the sustainability of the world's marine capture fisheries by the abundance of the exploited fish stocks with respect to Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) levels.

Annual

Country-level stats

View data

Target 7: Reduce Pollution to Levels That Are Not Harmful to Biodiversity

Target 7

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
7.1: Index of coastal eutrophication potential	View	Chlorophyll-a anomalies	Level 1: This sub-indicator evaluates the intra-annual changes in chlorophyll-a concentration anomalies in each Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and territorial sea using the NOAA VIIRS chlorophyll-a ratio anomaly product produced daily for the globe at 2 km spatial resolution. The daily global VIIRS chlorophyll-a concentrations are produced from the NOAA Multi-Sensor Level 1 to Level 2 (MSL12) processing of the VIIRS sensor on the Suomi SNPP satellite.	Daily	2km	View data
7.1: Index of coastal eutrophication potential	View	Chlorophyll-a deviation	The indicator aims to measure the contribution to coastal eutrophication from countries and the state of coastal eutrophication. Therefore, two levels of indicators are recommended. This data is Level 1: Globally available data from earth observations and modeling. Chlorophyll-A deviation modeling.	Monthly	4km	View data

Target 9: Manage Wild Species Sustainably To Benefit People

Target 9

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
9.1: Benefits from the sustainable use of wild species	View	Status 1: Methods not yet developed, and a process needs to be established to develop these.

Target 10: Enhance Biodiversity and Sustainability in Agriculture, Aquaculture, Fisheries, and Forestry

Target 10

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
10.1: Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture	View	Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture	The indicator is defined by the formula: Area under productive and sustainable agriculture/Agricultural land area. This implies the need to measure both the extent of land under productive and sustainable agriculture (the numerator), as well as the extent of agriculture land area (the denominator). The numerator captures the three dimensions of sustainable production: environmental, economic and social. It corresponds to the agricultural land area of the farms that satisfy the sustainability criteria of the 11 sub-indicators selected across all three dimensions. The denominator in turn is the sum of agricultural land area (as defined by FAO) utilized by agricultural holdings that are owned (excluding rented-out), rented-in, leased, sharecropped or borrowed. State or communal land used by farm holdings is not included.	Annual	Country-level stats	View data
10.2: Progress towards sustainable forest management	View	Proportion of forest with a long-term management plan	Sustainable forest management (SFM) has been formally defined, by the UN General Assembly, as follows: dynamic and evolving concept that aims to maintain and enhance the economic, social and environmental values of all types of forests, for the benefit of present and future generations (Resolution A/RES/62/98) The indicator is composed of two sub-indicators that measure progress towards several dimensions of sustainable forest management.	Annual	Country-level stats	View data
Forest area under an independently verified forest management certification scheme	Sustainable forest management (SFM) has been formally defined, by the UN General Assembly, as follows: dynamic and evolving concept that aims to maintain and enhance the economic, social and environmental values of all types of forests, for the benefit of present and future generations (Resolution A/RES/62/98) The indicator is composed of two sub-indicators that measure progress towards several dimensions of sustainable forest management.	Annual	N/A ¹	View data

Indicator

Metadata for indicator calculation

Global data available

Global data description

Frequency of update for global data

Resolution of global data

UNBL Mapview URL

10.1: Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture

View

Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture

Annual

Country-level stats

View data

10.2: Progress towards sustainable forest management

View

Proportion of forest with a long-term management plan

The indicator is composed of two sub-indicators that measure progress towards several dimensions of sustainable forest management.

Annual

Country-level stats

View data

Forest area under an independently verified forest management certification scheme

The indicator is composed of two sub-indicators that measure progress towards several dimensions of sustainable forest management.

Annual

N/A ¹

View data

Target 11: Restore, Maintain and Enhance Nature’s Contributions to People.

Target 11

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
B.1: Services provided by ecosystems*	View	Status 3. Methods developed (or partially developed) and tested/piloted, but data not yet widely available (and/or collection not yet underway). Indicator/Methodology maintained by an organization(s)

Target 12: Enhance Green Spaces and Urban Planning for Human Well-Being and Biodiversity

Target 12

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
12.1: Average share of the built-up area of cities that is green/blue space for public use for all	View	Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open space for public use for all, by sex, age and persons with disabilities	The following is the definition of the SDG 11.7.1 indicator and consequently there could be small variations in the definition for the “Average share of the built-up area of cities that is green/blue space for public use for all”. Indicator 11.7.1 has several interesting concepts that required global consultations and consensus. These include; built-up area, cities, open spaces for public use, etc. As a custodian agency, UN-Habitat has worked on these concepts along with several other partners.	Annual	Country-level stats	View data

Target 18: Reduce Harmful Incentives by at Least $500 Billion per Year, and Scale Up Positive Incentives for Biodiversity

Target 18

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
18.1: Positive incentives in place to promote biodiversity conservation and sustainable use	View	Policy Instruments for the Environment (PINE)	Definition of positive incentives for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use: Positive incentives, or incentive-based mechanisms or economic instruments are the set of policy instruments that are based on providing incentives for producers and consumers to behave in a more sustainable way. Economic instruments are fiscal and other economic incentives to incorporate environmental costs (and benefits) into production and consumption. The objective is to encourage environmentally sound and efficient production and consumption through full-cost pricing. In contrast to more traditional command-and-control approaches (e.g. restrictions on access or use, standards, etc), economic instruments can in theory meet a given environmental objective at a lower total economic cost.	Annual	Country-level stats	View data

Target 19: Mobilize $200 Billion per Year for Biodiversity From all Sources, Including $30 Billion Through International Finance

Target 19

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
D.1: International public funding, including official development assistance (ODA) for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems	View	Total official development assistance for biodiversity, by donor countries	The indicator measures the gross disbursements of total Official Development Assistance (ODA) from all donors for biodiversity. Data is also available in constant prices for commitments undertaken by donors, which signal a signed agreement to fund a particular activity. The data includes information on capacity development type of activities (e.g. technical assistance, scholarships, etc).	Annual	Country-level stats	View data

Target 21: Ensure That Knowledge Is Available and Accessible To Guide Biodiversity Action

Target 21

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
21.1: Indicator on biodiversity information for the monitoring the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework	View	Status 2. Methods not yet developed, but a process is underway to develop them, led by one or more organisations, to develop them.

Target 22: Ensure Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice and Information Related to Biodiversity for all

Target 22

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
22.1: Land-use change and land tenure in the traditional territories of indigenous peoples and local communities	N/A	Global Land Governance Index	LANDex is a global land governance index that aims to put people at the centre of land data, democratising land monitoring and building a data ecosystem that better captures the complex experience of land governance from diverse perspectives. All LANDex indicators are set on a 0-100 scale, with 100 being the most desirable score. A high score reflects the extent to which a country has fulfilled the criteria set forth by the indicator, whether it is an ideal proportion or provisions of law or expected rates of inclusion, among others.	Annual	Country-level stats	View data

Goal A: Protect and Restore

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Ecosystem Intactness Index	Not yet available	Ecological Intactness Index	Human activities are altering natural areas worldwide. While our ability to map these activities at fine scales is improving, a simplistic binary characterization of habitat and non-habitat with a focus on change in habitat extent has dominated conservation assessments across different spatial scales. Here, the authors provide a Ecological Intactness Index metric that captures both habitat loss, quality and fragmentation effects which, when combined, are called intactness.	Annual	1km	View data
Ecosystem Integrity Index	Not yet available	Ecosystem Integrity Index	The Ecosystem Integrity Index (EII). The index provides a simple, yet scientifically robust, way of measuring, monitoring and reporting on ecosystem integrity at any geographical scale. It is formed of three components, structure, composition, and function, and measured against a natural (current potential) baseline on a scale of 0 to 1	Unknown	1km²	Pending
Species Habitat Index	Not yet available	Species Habitat Index	The Species Habitat Index (SHI) measures changes in ecosystem integrity through health of their component species populations and the associated processes and functions of ecological communities. The index captures alterations to the quality and connectivity of habitats at the level of single species and at fine spatial scale, addressing single square kilometer assemblages. When aggregated over a larger geographic unit (e.g., landscape, seascape, mountain region, ecological region, or country), SHI can provide a compound measure of an area’s ecological integrity and connectivity. When evaluated over species’ geographic ranges, the SHI also informs about trends in the health of species populations and potential changes in their genetic diversity.	Annual	1km²	Pending
Biodiversity Habitat Index	View	Biodiversity Habitat Index	The Biodiversity Habitat Index (BHI) estimates the level of species diversity expected to be retained within any given spatial reporting unit (e.g. a country, a biome, an ecosystem type, or the entire planet) as a function of the area, connectivity and integrity of natural ecosystems across that unit. Results for the indicator can be expressed as either: 1) the ‘effective proportion of habitat’ remaining within the unit – adjusting for the effects of the condition and functional connectivity of that habitat, and of spatial variation in the species composition of ecological communities (beta diversity); or 2) the proportion of species expected to persist (i.e. avoid extinction) over the long term, predicted as a simple species-area based function of the effective proportion of habitat remaining.	5 years	30 arc-sec	View data
Protected Connected (Protconn) index	Not yet available	Protected Area Connectivity (ProtConn)	ProtConn, an indicator of the connectivity of Protected Areas (PAs) systems that improves the detail and comprehensiveness of previous related assessments mainly by depicting different categories of land through which movement between protected locations may occur, including the assessment of the contribution of transboundary PAs to connectivity.	2 years	10km	View data
Protected Area Representativeness & Connectedness (PARC-Connectedness)	View	Protected Area Representativeness & Connectedness (PARC-Connectedness)	The Protected Area Representativeness and Connectedness (PARC) indices measure the extent to which terrestrial protected areas, and other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs), are ecologically representative, and well-connected.	2 years	30 arc-sec	View data
Number of extinctions averted	Not yet available	Number of extinctions averted	The authors identified a list of bird and mammal species for which conservation action prevented extinction by (a) identifying candidate species that could plausibly have gone extinct (i.e., the death of the last individual in the wild) without conservation action; (b) documenting for these species the key information needed to evaluate whether the actions implemented could plausibly have prevented their extinction; (c) using a Delphi technique to estimate the probability that each candidate species would have gone extinct in a counterfactual scenario without conservation action; and (d) retaining species with a high probability that conservation action prevented their extinction. They combined their results with the number of known extinctions to quantify the effect of conservation action on observed extinction rates.	Unknown ²	Country-level stats	View data
Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered index	Not yet available	Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered index	The EDGE index uses available extinction risk data for the world's most evolutionarily distinct and threatened species to provide explicit monitoring of documented extinctions and increases and decreases of extinction risk category on the IUCN Red List through time for these irreplaceable sets of species.	Unknown	Unknown ²	View data
Living Planet Index	View	Living Planet Index	The Living Planet Index is a multi-species indicator which tracks average changes in the relative abundance of species populations over time.	2 years	N/A ¹	View data

Goal B: Prosper with Nature

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Living Planet Index for utilized species	Not yet available	Living Planet Index for utilized species	The use of wildlife supports many people for their food, medicine, and livelihoods. Ensuring that this use is sustainable is central to conservation to ensure the persistence of species alongside continued utilization by people. Using more than 11,000 wildlife population trends from the Living Planet Index, the authors conducted a global analysis of local-scale data to better understand how wildlife populations respond to utilization.	2 years	N/A ¹	View data

Target 2: Restore 30% of all Degraded Ecosystems

Target 2

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Land degradation (Sustainable Development Goal indicator 15.3.1)	Not yet available	Land degradation (Sustainable Development Goal indicator 15.3.1)	SDG indicator 15.3.1 is a binary - degraded/not degraded - quantification based on the analysis of available data for three sub-indicators to be validated and reported by national authorities. The subindicators (Trends in Land Cover, Land Productivity and Carbon Stocks) were adopted by the UNCCD’s governing body in 2013 as part of its monitoring and evaluation approach.	4 years	Unknown ²	View data

Target 3: Conserve 30% of Land, Waters and Seas

Target 3

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Protected Connected (ProtConn) index	Not yet available	Protected Area Connectivity (ProtConn)	ProtConn, an indicator of the connectivity of Protected Areas (PAs) systems that improves the detail and comprehensiveness of previous related assessments mainly by depicting different categories of land through which movement between protected locations may occur, including the assessment of the contribution of transboundary PAs to connectivity.	2 years	10km	View data
Protected Area Connectedness Index (PARC-Connectedness)	View	Protected Area Connectedness Index (PARC-Connectedness)	The Protected Area Representativeness and Connectedness (PARC) indices measure the extent to which terrestrial protected areas, and other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs), are ecologically representative, and well-connected.	2 years	30 arc-sec	View data
Species Protection Index	Not yet available	Species Protection Index	The Species Protection Index (SPI) captures how adequately Protected Areas or Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Measures, i.e. conservation areas, conserve habitat and support the health and survival of species and their populations.	Annual	Unknown ²	Pending

Target 4: Halt Species Extinction, Protect Genetic Diversity, and Manage Human-Wildlife Conflicts

Target 4

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Living Planet Index	View	Living Planet Index	The Living Planet Index is a multi-species indicator which tracks average changes in the relative abundance of species populations over time.	2 Years	N/A¹	View data
Number of plant and animal genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in medium or long-term conservation facilities	Not yet available	Number of unique plant genetic samples in conservation facilities	The conservation of plant and animal genetic resources for food and agriculture (GRFA) in medium- or long-term conservation facilities (ex situ, in genebanks) represents the most trusted means of conserving genetic resources worldwide. Plant and animal GRFA conserved in these facilities can be easily used in breeding programmes as well, even directly on-farm. The measure of trends in ex situ conserved materials provides an overall assessment of the extent to which we are managing to maintain and/or increase the total genetic diversity available for future use.	Annual	Stats by mandate (national, regional, international)	View data
Green Status of Species Index	View	Current metadata mentioned that the Green Status of Species Index is currently in development. The year of availability is not currently known, though the aim is to be fully developed and available by 2025 at the latest.
Human-wildlife conflict indicator	No data currently available
Proportion of local breeds classified as being at risk of extinction	Not yet available	Proportion of local breeds classified as being at risk of extinction	The indicator presents the percentage of local livestock breeds among local breeds with known risk status classified as being at risk of extinctions at a certain moment in time, as well as the trends for this percentage.	Annual	Country-level stats	View data

Target 5: Ensure Sustainable, Safe and Legal Harvesting and Trade of Wild Species

Target 5

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Living Planet Index for utilized species	Not yet available	Living Planet Index (utilized species)	The use of wildlife supports many people for their food, medicine, and livelihoods. Ensuring that this use is sustainable is central to conservation to ensure the persistence of species alongside continued utilization by people. Using more than 11,000 wildlife population trends from the Living Planet Index, the authors conducted a global analysis of local-scale data to better understand how wildlife populations respond to utilization.	2 years	N/A ¹	View data
Degree of implementation of international instruments aiming to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing	Not yet available	Degree of implementation of international instruments aiming to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing	Progress by countries in the degree of implementation of international instruments aiming to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing.	Annual	Country-level stats	View data

Target 7: Reduce Pollution to Levels That Are Not Harmful to Biodiversity

Target 7

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Cropland nutrient budget	Not yet available	Cropland nutrient budget	The Cropland Nutrient Budget domain contains information on the flows of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from synthetic fertilizer, manure applied to soils, atmospheric deposition, crop removal, and biological fixation over cropland and per unit area of cropland. The flows are aggregated to total inputs and total outputs, from which the overall nutrient budget and nutrient use efficiency on cropland are calculated. Statistics are disseminated in units of tonnes and in kg/ha, as appropriate. Nutrient use efficiency is expressed as a fraction (%). Data are available by country, with global coverage relative to the period 1961-2020, with annual updates.	Annual	Country-level stats	View data
Proportion of domestic and industrial wastewater flow safely treated	Not yet available	Proportion of domestic wastewater that is safely treated	Proportion of wastewater flows from households that are treated and discharged in compliance with national and local standards (or in the absence of such data, treated by secondary or higher processes). Includes household wastewater transferred through sewers to a wastewater treatment plant (‘treated sewage’), released into an on-site treatment system (‘treated in-situ’) and released into an on-site system for which fecal sludge is emptied and transported to a treatment plant (‘treated from on-site’).	Annual	Country-level stats	View data
Floating plastic debris density (by micro and macro plastics (Sustainable Development Goal indicator 14.1.1(b))	Not yet available	Floating plastic debris density (by micro and macro plastics (Sustainable Development Goal indicator 14.1.1(b))	The indicator 14.1.1b “Plastic debris density" includes potential measurement of plastics washed onto beaches or shorelines, floating on the water or in the water column, deposited on the seafloor/seabed, as well as ingested by biota; however, it is also important to note the importance of monitoring information on waste management and the sources of plastic pollution for understanding plastic pollution.	Unknown	Country-level stats	View data
Red List Index (impact of pollution)	Not yet available	Red List Index (impact of pollution)	The RLI (impacts of pollution) is based on data from the IUCN Red List, specifically the number of species in each Red List category of extinction risk, and the number moving categories between assessments owing to genuine improvement or deterioration in status driven by impacts pollution or its control. All other changes are excluded, whether from improved knowledge, or genuine impacts of other threats or their control.	Annual	Country-level stats	Pending

Target 8: Minimize the Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity and Build Resilience

Target 8

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Bioclimatic Ecosystem Resilience Index (BERI)	View	Bioclimatic Ecosystem Resilience Index (BERI)	The Bioclimatic Ecosystem Resilience Index (BERI) measures the capacity of landscapes to retain species diversity in the face of climate change, as a function of the area, connectivity and integrity of natural ecosystems across those landscapes. The indicator assesses the extent to which any given spatial configuration of natural habitat will promote or hinder climate-induced shifts in biological distributions. It does this by analyzing the functional connectivity of each grid-cell of natural habitat to areas of habitat in the surrounding landscape which are projected to support a similar assemblage of species under climate change to that currently associated with the cell of interest.	5 years	30 arc-sec	View data

Target 9: Manage Wild Species Sustainably To Benefit People

Target 9

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Living Planet Index for utilized species	Not yet available	Living Planet Index (utilized species)	The use of wildlife supports many people for their food, medicine, and livelihoods. Ensuring that this use is sustainable is central to conservation to ensure the persistence of species alongside continued utilization by people. Using more than 11,000 wildlife population trends from the Living Planet Index, the authors conducted a global analysis of local-scale data to better understand how wildlife populations respond to utilization.	2 years	N/A ¹	View data

Target 10: Enhance Biodiversity and Sustainability in Agriculture, Aquaculture, Fisheries, and Forestry

Target 10

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Average income of small-scale food producers, by sex and indigenous status	Not yet available	Average income of small-scale food producers	Average income of small-scale food producers employed in the farming, pastoral and forestry sectors.	Annual	Country-level stats	View data

Target 11: Restore, Maintain and Enhance Nature’s Contributions to People.

Target 11

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (e.g., PM2.5 and PM10) in cities	Not yet available	Concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) (WHO)	The mean annual concentration of fine suspended particles of less than 2.5 microns in diameters is a common measure of air pollution. The mean is a population-weighted average for urban population in a country.	2-3 years	Country-level stats	View data
Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality	Not yet available	Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality	Percentage of monitored water bodies in a country with good ambient water quality. The overall national indicator score is based on water body type (river, lake or groundwater), and by reporting basin districts, which are based on either single large river basins or several smaller river basins.	3 years	Country-level stats	View data
Level of water stress	Not yet available	Level of water stress (SDG 6.4.2) by major river basin	Level of water stress (SDG 6.4.2) by major river basin - AQUASTAT (FAO). This map provides a global representation of the level of water stress spatially disaggregated by major river basin.	Annual	N/A ¹	View data

Target 13: Increase the Sharing of Benefits From Genetic Resources, Digital Sequence Information and Traditional Knowledge

Target 13

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Total number of internationally recognized certificates published in the Access and Benefit-sharing Clearing-House	Not yet available	Total number of internationally recognized certificates published in the Access and Benefit-sharing Clearing-House	An Internationally Recognized Certificate of Compliance (IRCC) indicates that material has been obtained in accordance with national laws on access and benefit-sharing. The Clearing House generates the permit based on information provided by the relevant authority in the provider country.	Unknown	Country-level stats	View data

Target 14: Integrate Biodiversity in Decision-Making at Every Level

Target 14

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Integration of biodiversity into national accounting and reporting systems, defined as implementation of the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (Sustainable Development Goal indicator 15.9.1b)	Not yet available	Integration of biodiversity into national accounting and reporting systems, defined as implementation of the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (Sustainable Development Goal indicator 15.9.1b)	The indicator measures the progress towards national targets established in accordance with Aichi Biodiversity Target 2 of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020: By 2020, at the latest, biodiversity values have been integrated into national and local development and poverty reduction strategies and planning processes and are being incorporated into national accounting, as appropriate, and reporting systems.	Unknown	Country-level stats	View data

Target 15: Businesses Assess, Disclose and Reduce Biodiversity-Related Risks and Negative Impacts

Target 15

Take legal, administrative or policy measures to encourage and enable business, and in particular to ensure that large and transnational companies and financial institutions:

(b) Provide information needed to consumers to promote sustainable consumption patterns;

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Number of companies publishing sustainability reports (Sustainable Development Goal indicator 12.6.1)	Not yet available	Number of companies publishing sustainability reports (Sustainable Development Goal indicator 12.6.1)	For the purposes of this indicator, ‘sustainability reports’ will not be limited to stand-alone sustainability reports produced by companies, but will be considered as ‘reporting sustainability information’ and expanded to other forms of reporting sustainability information, such as publishing sustainability information as part of the company’s annual reports or reporting sustainability information to the national government. This is to ensure that the focus of the indicator is on tracking the publishing of sustainability information, rather than on the practice of publishing stand-alone sustainability reports. It also ensures that the indicator interpretation is aligned with the wording of Target 12.6 which refers to promoting “the integration of sustainability information into the annual reporting cycle of companies”.	Unknown	Country-level stats	View data

Target 16: Enable Sustainable Consumption Choices To Reduce Waste and Overconsumption

Target 16

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Food waste index	Not yet available	Food waste index	The Food Waste Index, measures food waste at retail and consumer level (households and food service). The Food Waste Index allows countries to measure and report on food loss generated in manufacturing processes, which would not be captured under key commodity losses by the Food Loss Index.	Unknown	Country-level stats	View data
Material footprint per capita	Not yet available	Material footprint per capita	Material Footprint (MF) is the attribution of global material extraction to domestic final demand of a country. The total material footprint is the sum of the material footprint for biomass, fossil fuels, metal ores and non-metallic minerals.	2 - 3 years	Country-level stats	View data
Global environmental impacts of consumption	Not yet available	The Global Environmental Impacts of Consumption (GEIC) Indicator	Tracking the environmental impacts embedded in commodity consumption. This data provides estimates of global environmental impacts and risks driven by consumption and production activities. It links the production of over 160 agricultural commodities across 240 producer countries / territories ‘embedded’ within domestic and international supply chains to selected environmental impacts and risks associated with this production.	Annual	Country-level stats	View data
Ecological footprint	View	Ecological Footprint	Direct anthropogenic threats to biodiversity include habitat loss or damage, resource overexploitation, pollution, invasive species and climate change. These direct threats are the result of more distant, indirect drivers of biodiversity loss arising from consumption of resources and the generation of waste. The ultimate drivers of threats to biodiversity are human demands for food, fiber and timber, water, energy and area on which to build infrastructure. The Ecological Footprint measures the pressure such demands place on the regenerative capacity of productive ecosystems, measured through a sister indicator called biocapacity. The main aim of Ecological Footprint methodology is to promote recognition of ecological limits. This recognition should help safeguard the ecosystems’ viability (such as healthy forests, clean air, fertile soils and biodiversity) and life-supporting services.	Annual	Country-level stats	View data

Target 18: Reduce Harmful Incentives by at Least $500 Billion per Year, and Scale Up Positive Incentives for Biodiversity

Target 18

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Revenue generated from biodiversity-relevant taxes, fees and charges	Not yet available	Revenue generated from biodiversity-relevant taxes, fees and charges	Biodiversity-relevant taxes include taxes on pesticides, fertilisers, forest products and timber harvests. Based on the polluter pays principle, these instruments place an additional cost on the use of the natural resource or the emission of a pollutant, to reflect the negative environmental externalities that they generate. As such, they provide incentives for both producers and consumers to behave in a more environmentally-sustainable way.	Annual	Country-level stats	View data
Monetary value of biodiversity-positive subsidies	Not yet available	Monetary value of biodiversity-positive subsidies	Biodiversity-relevant subsidies include those environmentally-motivated subsidies that target, for example, forest management and reforestation, organic or environmentally-friendly agriculture, pesticide-free cultivation, and land conservation.	Annual	Country-level stats	Pending
Revenue generated by biodiversity-relevant tradable permits (if auctioned)	Not yet available	Revenue generated by biodiversity-relevant tradable permits (if auctioned)	Biodiversity-relevant tradable permits include individual transferable quotas (ITQs) for fisheries, tradable development rights, and tradable hunting rights. These policy instruments (also referred to as cap-and-trade programmes) set a limit on the total amount of a natural resource that can be exploited, and then allocate individual permits to users that they can also trade. The allocation of these permits can be grandfathered (i.e. allocated to existing users of the resource free of charge, typically in perpetuity) or auctioned. If they are auctioned, tradable permits can also mobilise finance.	Annual	Country-level stats	Pending
Monetary value of payments for ecosystem services	Not yet available	Monetary value of payments for ecosystem services	Payments for ecosystem services (PES) can be defined as: (1) voluntary transactions (2) between service users (3) and service providers (4) that are conditional on agreed rules of natural resource management (5) for generating offsite services (Wunder, 2015). PES are based on the user- or beneficiary-pays approach.	Annual	Country-level stats	Pending
Monetary value of biodiversity offsets	Not yet available	Monetary value of biodiversity offsets	Biodiversity offsets are conservation actions intended to compensate for residual, unavoidable impacts of development projects, after prevention and mitigation measures have taken place. Biodiversity offsets are based on the polluter pays principle.	Annual	Country-level stats	Pending
Number of other positive incentives in place for biodiversity (by type)	Not yet available	Number of other positive incentives in place for biodiversity (by type)	Economic instruments are the so called “positive incentives” embedded in the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, notably Target 18, and previously reflected in CBD Aichi Target 3. The OECD PINE database allows governments to indicate whether their biodiversity-relevant economic instruments are relevant to the conservation and sustainable use of terrestrial biodiversity, ocean biodiversity, or both.	Annual	Country-level stats	Pending
Monetary value of other positive incentives in place for biodiversity	Not yet available	Monetary value of other positive incentives in place for biodiversity	Economic instruments are the socalled “positive incentives” embedded in the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, notably Target 18, and previously reflected in CBD Aichi Target 3. The OECD PINE database allows governments to indicate whether their biodiversity-relevant economic instruments are relevant to the conservation and sustainable use of terrestrial biodiversity, ocean biodiversity, or both.	Annual	Country-level stats	Pending

Target 20: Strengthen Capacity-Building, Technology Transfer, and Scientific and Technical Cooperation for Biodiversity

Target 20

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Total amount of funding for developing countries to promote the development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies	Not yet available	Total amount of funding for developing countries to promote the development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies	SDG Indicator 17.7.1. Environmentally Sound Technologies (ESTs) are technologies that have the potential for significantly improved environmental performance relative to other technologies. ESTs protect the environment, are less polluting, use resources in a sustainable manner, recycle more of their wastes and products, and handle all residual wastes in a more environmentally acceptable way than the technologies for which they are substitutes. ESTs are not just individual technologies. They can also be defined as total systems that include know-how, procedures, goods and services, and equipment, as well as organizational and managerial procedures for promoting environmental sustainability. This means that any attempt to provide an assessment of investment into ESTs on either a global or national level must incorporate ways to track funding flows into both hard and soft technologies.	2 years	Country-level stats	View data

Target 21: Ensure That Knowledge Is Available and Accessible To Guide Biodiversity Action

Target 21

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Species Status Index	Not yet available	Species Status Information Index (SSII)	For a given species, the Species Information Index (SII) captures how well existing data covers the species’ expected range. At the species level, the SII can be computed across the entirety of the species’ expected range, ignoring national boundaries, or separately within each nation where it is expected to occur.	Annual	Unknown ²	Pending

Goal A: Protect and Restore

Indicator	Metadata for indicator calculation	Global data available	Global data description	Frequency of update for global data	Resolution of global data	UNBL Mapview URL
Rate of tree cover loss	Not yet available	Tree cover loss	This data is a collaboration between the GLAD (Global Land Analysis & Discovery) lab at the University of Maryland, Google, USGS, and NASA, measuring areas of tree cover loss across all global land (except Antarctica and other Arctic islands). The data were generated using multispectral satellite imagery from the Landsat 5 thematic mapper (TM), the Landsat 7 thematic mapper plus (ETM+), and the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensors. Over 1 million satellite images were processed and analyzed, including over 600,000 Landsat 7 images for the 2000-2012 interval, and more than 400,000 Landsat 5, 7, and 8 images for updates for the 2011-2022 interval. The clear land surface observations in the satellite images were assembled and a supervised learning algorithm was applied to identify per pixel tree cover loss.	Annual	30 m	View data
Mangrove extent	Not yet available	Global Mangrove Watch (SDG 6.6.1 Indicator)	The layers shown here indicate the global extent of mangrove forests in the years 1996, 2007 - 2010, 2015 - 2020, as well as changes in mangrove extent over the period 1996-2020.	Annual	N/A ¹	View data
Global saltmarsh extent	Not yet available	Global Distribution of Saltmarshes	This dataset displays the extent of our knowledge regarding the distribution of saltmarshes globally, drawing from occurrence data (surveyed and/or remotely sensed). The dataset was developed to provide a baseline inventory of the extent of our knowledge regarding the global distribution of saltmarshes, which are ecosystems located in the intertidal zone of sheltered marine and estuarine coastlines. These ecosystems comprise brackish, shallow water with salt-tolerant plants such as herbs, grasses and shrubs, and are commonly found at temperate and high latitudes. Saltmarshes are of ecological importance as they underpin the estuarine food web. In particular, saltmarshes serve as nesting, nursery and feeding grounds for numerous species of birds, fish, molluscs and crustaceans, including commercially important fish species such as herring (Clupea harengus), and are also home to a number of Endangered and Critically Endangered species.	Unknown	N/A ¹	View data
Forest Landscape Integrity Index	Not yet available	Forest Landscape Integrity Index (FLII)	The Forest Landscape Integrity Index integrates data on observed and inferred forest pressures and lost forest connectivity to generate the first globally-consistent, continuous index of forest integrity as determined by degree of anthropogenic modification. The result is a globally applicable, continuous-measure map of landscape-level forest integrity (hereafter, integrity), which offers a timely indicator of the status and management needs of Earth’s remaining forests.	Unknown	300m	View data
Bioclimatic Ecosystem Resilience Index	View	Bioclimatic Ecosystem Resilience Index (BERI)	The Bioclimatic Ecosystem Resilience Index (BERI) measures the capacity of landscapes to retain species diversity in the face of climate change, as a function of the area, connectivity and integrity of natural ecosystems across those landscapes. The indicator assesses the extent to which any given spatial configuration of natural habitat will promote or hinder climate-induced shifts in biological distributions. It does this by analyzing the functional connectivity of each grid-cell of natural habitat to areas of habitat in the surrounding landscape which are projected to support a similar assemblage of species under climate change to that currently associated with the cell of interest.	5 years	30 arc-sec	View data