The integrity, connectivity and resilience of all ecosystems are maintained, enhanced, or restored, substantially increasing the area of natural ecosystems by 2050; Human induced extinction of known threatened species is halted, and, by 2050, the extinction rate and risk of all species are reduced tenfold and the abundance of native wild species is increased to healthy and resilient levels; The genetic diversity within populations of wild and domesticated species, is maintained, safeguarding their adaptive potential.

Indicator Metadata for indicator calculation Global data available Global data description Frequency of update for global data Resolution of global data UNBL Mapview URL
A.1: Red List of Ecosystems View  Red List of Ecosystems The Red List of Ecosystems framework assesses the relative risk of ecosystem collapse of an ecosystem type. The indicator ‘Red List Index of Ecosystems (RLIe)’ measures the average risk of ecosystem collapse of a group of ecosystems and allows for tracking change over time, based on genuine change in the risk category of each ecosystem. The RLIe can be calculated for any set of ecosystem types for which there are Red List of Ecosystems assessments. It can thus be calculated at the country level or at the global level, or for broad ecosystem groups (such as forests). 5 years N/A 1 Pending
A.2: Extent of natural ecosystems View  Methodology for calculating the indicator is under development by the AHTEG on Indicators. Current metadata suggests that these data may be suitable for indicator calculation.
IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology (GET) 2.0

Natural ecosystems are predominantly influenced by natural ecological processes characterized by a stable ecological state maintaining ecosystem integrity; ecosystem condition ranges within its natural variability. Examples (with reference to IUCN GET) are primary and old growth forests, natural grasslands and savannahs, natural rivers and wetlands. Natural ecosystems are defined based on the following IUCN GET biomes:

Realms:

  • Terrestrial - Biomes T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6.
  • Freshwater - Biomes F1, F2.
  • Marine - Biomes M1, M2, M3.
  • Freshwater Terrestrial - Biome TF1.
  • Freshwater Marine - Biome FM1.
  • Marine Terrestrial - Biomes MT1, MT2.
  • Marine Freshwater Terrestrial - Biome MFT1.

Managed/Anthropogenic ecosystems are predominantly influenced by human activities where a stable natural ecological state is unobtainable and future socio-economic interventions are required to maintain a new stable state. Examples (with reference to IUCN GET) are urban green spaces and croplands, artificial water bodies and anthropogenic marine systems.

Managed/anthropogenic ecosystems are defined based on the based on the following IUCN GET biomes:

Realms:

  • Terrestrial - Biomes T7.
  • Freshwater - Biomes F3.
  • Marine - Biomes M4.
  • Marine Terrestrial - MT3

N/A

30 arc-sec 

Pending
A.3: Red List Index  View  Red List Index The Red List Index measures change in aggregate extinction risk across groups of species. It is based on genuine changes in the number of species in each category of extinction risk on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and is expressed as changes in an index ranging from 0 to 1. 5 years Country-level stats

Biodiversity is sustainably used and managed and nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services, are valued, maintained and enhanced, with those currently in decline being restored, supporting the achievement of sustainable development for the benefit of present and future generations by 2050.

Indicator Metadata for indicator calculation Global data available Global data description Frequency of update for global data Resolution of global data UNBL Mapview URL
B.1: Services provided by ecosystems View  Red List of Ecosystems Methodology for calculating the indicator is under development and review by the AHTEG on Indicators. Current metadata indicates that this indicator will rely on spatial data for its calculation.

Adequate means of implementation, including financial resources, capacity-building, technical and scientific cooperation, and access to and transfer of technology to fully implement the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework are secured and equitably accessible to all Parties, especially developing country Parties, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as countries with economies in transition, progressively closing the biodiversity finance gap of $700 billion per year, and aligning financial flows with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and the 2050 Vision for biodiversity.

Indicator Metadata for indicator calculation Global data available Global data description Frequency of update for global data Resolution of global data UNBL Mapview URL
D.1: International public funding, including official development assistance (ODA) for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems   View  Total official development assistance for biodiversity, by donor countries The indicator measures the gross disbursements of total Official Development Assistance (ODA) from all donors for biodiversity. Data are also available in constant prices for commitments undertaken by donors, which signal a signed agreement to fund a particular activity. The data includes information on capacity development type of activities (e.g. technical assistance, scholarships, etc).  Annual Country-level stats 

Target 1

Ensure that all areas are under participatory, integrated, and biodiversity inclusive spatial planning and/or effective management processes addressing land and sea use change, to bring the loss of areas of high biodiversity importance, including ecosystems of high ecological integrity, close to zero by 2030, while respecting the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities.

Indicator Metadata for indicator calculation Global data available Global data description Frequency of update for global data Resolution of global data UNBL Mapview URL
A.1: Red List of Ecosystems   View  Red List of Ecosystems

The Red List of Ecosystems framework assesses the relative risk of ecosystem collapse of an ecosystem type. The indicator ‘Red List Index of Ecosystems (RLIe)’ measures the average risk of ecosystem collapse of a group of ecosystems and allows for tracking change over time, based on genuine change in the risk category of each ecosystem.

The RLIe can be calculated for any set of ecosystem types for which there are Red List of Ecosystems assessments. It can thus be calculated at the country level or at the global level, or for broad ecosystem groups (such as forests)

5 years Unknown 2   Pending
A.2: Extent of natural ecosystems  View  Methodology for calculating the indicator is under development by the AHTEG on Indicators. Current metadata suggests that these data may be suitable for indicator calculation.  
IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology (GET) 2.0 

Natural ecosystems are predominantly influenced by natural ecological processes characterized by a stable ecological state maintaining ecosystem integrity; ecosystem condition ranges within its natural variability. Examples (with reference to IUCN GET) are primary and old growth forests, natural grasslands and savannahs, natural rivers and wetlands. Natural ecosystems are defined based on the following IUCN GET biomes:

Realms: 

  • Terrestrial - Biomes T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6. 
  • Freshwater - Biomes F1, F2. 
  • Marine - Biomes M1, M2, M3. 
  • Freshwater Terrestrial - Biome TF1. 
  • Freshwater Marine - Biome FM1. 
  • Marine Terrestrial - Biomes MT1, MT2. 
  • Marine Freshwater Terrestrial - Biome MFT1. 

Managed/Anthropogenic ecosystems are predominantly influenced by human activities where a stable natural ecological state is unobtainable and future socio-economic interventions are required to maintain a new stable state. Examples (with reference to IUCN GET) are urban green spaces and croplands, artificial water bodies and anthropogenic marine systems. Managed/anthropogenic ecosystems are defined based on the based on the following IUCN GET biomes:

Realms: 

  • Terrestrial - Biomes T7. 
  • Freshwater - Biomes F3. 
  • Marine - Biomes M4. 
  • Marine Terrestrial - MT3
N/A 30 arc-sec   Pending
1.1: Per cent of land and seas covered by biodiversity-inclusive spatial plans* View  Methodology for calculating the indicator is under development by the AHTEG on Indicators. Current metadata suggests that these data may be suitable for indicator calculation.  

Target 2

Ensure that by 2030 at least 30 per cent of areas of degraded terrestrial, inland water, and coastal and marine ecosystems are under effective restoration, in order to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, ecological integrity and connectivity.

Indicator Metadata for indicator calculation Global data available Global data description Frequency of update for global data Resolution of global data UNBL Mapview URL
2.2: Area under restoration    View  FERM (Framework for Ecosystem Restoration Monitoring)

At the moment, there is no mechanism for collecting area-based information on ecosystem restoration. FAO and key partners from the Monitoring Task Force of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration have defined a draft methodology for data collection, compilation, and reporting. The proposed workflow consists of four main elements: data compilation, country validation, reporting and capacity development. The primary platforms and reporting mechanisms for collecting information on restoration areas identified by the Working Group, include the Framework for Ecosystem Restoration Monitoring (FERM), and others.

Restoration initiatives, led by public entities, private sector, civil society and individuals can share area based data and additional parameters for reporting area under restoration through any of the key identified platforms. FAO will compile data from the key platforms and harmonize the data through the FERM registry.

N/A N/A 1   Pending
IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology (GET) 2.0 

Area under restoration by ecosystem describes the area where restoration is happening. It will be reported by ecosystem and by country. A global ecosystem dataset is used as default data to make the map overlay that covers aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Available global ecosystem maps were evaluated and the outcome of the analysis found the most detailed and complete information is provided by the IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology 2.0 (Keith et al., 2022). The IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology 2.0 is the outcome of critical review and input by an extensive international network of ecosystem scientists, containing profiles for 25 biomes and 108 ecosystem functional groups (EFGs). Biomes will be used for disaggregation by ecosystems for reporting. Data type: tabular or spatially explicit. 

N/A 30 arc-sec Pending
World Database on Protected Areas

The primary platforms and reporting mechanisms for collecting information on restoration areas identified by the Working Group, include the World Database for Protected Areas (WDPA), Framework for Ecosystem Restoration Monitoring (FERM), etc.

Monthly N/A 1  

Target 3

Ensure and enable that by 2030 at least 30 per cent of terrestrial, inland water, and of coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, are effectively conserved and managed through ecologically representative, well-connected and equitably governed systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, recognizing indigenous and traditional territories where applicable, and integrated into wider landscapes, seascapes and the ocean, while ensuring that any sustainable use, where appropriate in such areas, is fully consistent with conservation outcomes, recognizing and respecting the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities, including over their traditional territories.

Indicator Metadata for indicator calculation Global data available Global data description Frequency of update for global data Resolution of global data UNBL Mapview URL
3.1: Coverage of protected areas and OECMs View   World Database on Protected Areas  Coverage by ecosystem component: The indicator shows the total percentage coverage of terrestrial and marine areas by protected areas and OECMs at the global level.  Monthly N/A 1 
World Database of Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Measures (WD-OECM)     Coverage by ecosystem component: The indicator shows the total percentage coverage of terrestrial and marine areas by protected areas and OECMs at the global level.  Monthly Unknown  2 

Target 4

Ensure urgent management actions to halt human induced extinction of known threatened species and for the recovery and conservation of species, in particular threatened species, to significantly reduce extinction risk, as well as to maintain and restore the genetic diversity within and between populations of native, wild and domesticated species to maintain their adaptive potential, including through in situ and ex situ conservation and sustainable management practices, and effectively manage human-wildlife interactions to minimize human-wildlife conflict for coexistence.

Indicator Metadata for indicator calculation Global data available Global data description Frequency of update for global data Resolution of global data UNBL Mapview URL
A.3: Green Status of Species Index View  Red List Index The Red List Index measures change in aggregate extinction risk across groups of species. It is based on genuine changes in the number of species in each category of extinction risk on The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species  and is expressed as changes in an index ranging from 0 to 1.  5 Years Country-level stats 

Target 5

Ensure that the use, harvesting and trade of wild species is sustainable, safe and legal, preventing overexploitation, minimizing impacts on non-target species and ecosystems, and reducing the risk of pathogen spill-over, applying the ecosystem approach, while respecting and protecting customary sustainable use by indigenous peoples and local communities.

Indicator Metadata for indicator calculation Global data available Global data description Frequency of update for global data Resolution of global data UNBL Mapview URL
5.1:  Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels View  Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels

Measures the sustainability of the world's marine capture fisheries by the abundance of the exploited fish stocks with respect to Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) levels.

For each level of reporting (National, Regional, Global) the indicator is calculated as the ratio between the number of exploited fish stocks classified as "within biologically sustainable levels" and the total number of stocks in the Reference List that were classified with a determined status (within/not within
"biologically sustainable levels").

Annual Country-level stats 

Target 6

Eliminate, minimize, reduce and or mitigate the impacts of invasive alien species on biodiversity and ecosystem services by identifying and managing pathways of the introduction of alien species, preventing the introduction and establishment of priority invasive alien species, reducing the rates of introduction and establishment of other known or potential invasive alien species by at least 50 per cent, by 2030, eradicating or controlling invasive alien species especially in priority sites, such as islands.

 

Indicator Metadata for indicator calculation Global data available Global data description Frequency of update for global data Resolution of global data UNBL Mapview URL
6.1: Rate of invasive alien species establishment* Not yet available   Methodology for calculating the indicator is under development by the AHTEG on Indicators. Current metadata indicates that this indicator will rely on spatial data for its calculation.

Target 7

Reduce pollution risks and the negative impact of pollution from all sources, by 2030, to levels that are not harmful to biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, considering cumulative effects, including: reducing excess nutrients lost to the environment by at least half including through more efficient nutrient cycling and use; reducing the overall risk from pesticides and highly hazardous chemicals by at least half including through integrated pest management, based on science, taking into account food security and livelihoods; and also preventing, reducing, and working towards eliminating plastic pollution.

Indicator Metadata for indicator calculation Global data available Global data description Frequency of update for global data Resolution of global data UNBL Mapview URL
7.1: Index of coastal eutrophication potential View Global Chlorophyll Statistics within territorial seas and EEZ

The indicator aims to measure the contribution to coastal eutrophication from countries and the state of coastal eutrophication. Therefore, two levels of indicators are recommended: Level 1: Globally available data from earth observations and modeling

Level 2: National data which will be collected from countries (through the relevant Regional Seas Programme, where applicable (i.e. for countries that are a member of a Regional Seas Programme).

Here we make available data for Level 1.

Unknown  Unknown 2  
Chlorophyll-a anomalies Level 1: This sub-indicator evaluates the intra-annual changes in chlorophyll-a concentration anomalies in each Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and territorial sea using the NOAA VIIRS chlorophyll-a ratio anomaly product produced daily for the globe at 2 km spatial resolution. The daily global VIIRS chlorophyll-a concentrations are produced from the NOAA Multi-Sensor Level 1 to Level 2 (MSL12) processing of the VIIRS sensor on the Suomi SNPP satellite. Daily 2 km Pending
Chlorophyll-a deviation The indicator aims to measure the contribution to coastal eutrophication from countries and the state of coastal eutrophication. Therefore, two levels of indicators are recommended. This data is Level 1: Globally available data from earth observations and modeling. Chlorophyll-A deviation modeling. Monthly  4km  Pending 
Chlorophyll-a concentration in seawater  Level 1: The ESA Ocean Colour CCI (OC-CCI) project, led by the Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), has produced a consistent, merged chlorophyll-a product from SeaWiFS, MODIS, MERIS and VIIRS. For this indicator, Chlorophyll-a will be derived from the OC-CCI project and generated for each individual pixel within a country’s territorial sea and EEZ.  Monthly  4 km 
7.2 Pesticide environment concentration*   View Risk of pesticide pollution at the global scale  

The indicator is defined as the annual agricultural use of total pesticides in active ingredients for various categories of pesticides.

This map shows the exposure of agricultural land to pesticide pollution. Value range is from 0 (lowest exposure) to 6.1 (highest exposure). Pixel values for non-agricultural land (-1) and water (-2) have been excluded from visualization.

Unknown 5 arc-min

Target 9

Ensure that the management and use of wild species are sustainable, thereby providing social, economic and environmental benefits for people, especially those in vulnerable situations and those most dependent on biodiversity, including through sustainable biodiversity-based activities, products and services that enhance biodiversity, and protecting and encouraging customary sustainable use by indigenous peoples and local communities.

Indicator Metadata for indicator calculation Global data available Global data description Frequency of update for global data Resolution of global data UNBL Mapview URL
9.1: Benefits from the sustainable use of wild species View  Methodology for calculating the indicator is under development by the AHTEG on Indicators. Current metadata indicates that this indicator will rely on spatial data for its calculation. 

Target 10

Ensure that areas under agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry are managed sustainably, in particular through the sustainable use of biodiversity, including through a substantial increase of the application of biodiversity friendly practices, such as sustainable intensification, agroecological and other innovative approaches contributing to the resilience and long-term efficiency and productivity of these production systems and to food security, conserving and restoring biodiversity and maintaining nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services.

Indicator Metadata for indicator calculation Global data available Global data description Frequency of update for global data Resolution of global data UNBL Mapview URL
10.1: Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture   View  Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture

The indicator is defined by the formula: Area under productive and sustainable agriculture/Agricultural land area. This implies the need to measure both the extent of land under productive and sustainable agriculture (the numerator), as well as the extent of agriculture land area (the denominator).

The numerator captures the three dimensions of sustainable production: environmental, economic and social. It corresponds to the agricultural land area of the farms that satisfy the sustainability criteria of the 11 sub-indicators selected across all three dimensions.

The denominator in turn is the sum of agricultural land area (as defined by FAO) utilized by agricultural holdings that are owned (excluding rented-out), rented-in, leased, sharecropped or borrowed. State or communal land used by farm holdings is not included.

Annual Country-level stats 
10.2: Progress towards sustainable forest management View  Proportion of forest with a long-term management plan

Sustainable forest management (SFM) has been formally defined, by the UN General Assembly, as follows: dynamic and evolving concept that aims to maintain and enhance the economic, social and environmental values of all types of forests, for the benefit of present and future generations (Resolution A/RES/62/98)

The indicator is composed of two sub-indicators that measure progress towards several dimensions of sustainable forest management.

Annual Country-level stats 
Forest area under an independently verified forest management certification scheme

Sustainable forest management (SFM) has been formally defined, by the UN General Assembly, as follows: dynamic and evolving concept that aims to maintain and enhance the economic, social and environmental values of all types of forests, for the benefit of present and future generations (Resolution A/RES/62/98)

The indicator is composed of two sub-indicators that measure progress towards several dimensions of sustainable forest management.

Annual N/A 1

Target 11

Restore, maintain and enhance nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services, such as regulation of air, water, and climate, soil health, pollination and reduction of disease risk, as well as protection from natural hazards and disasters, through nature-based solutions and/or ecosystem-based approaches for the benefit of all people and nature.

Indicator Metadata for indicator calculation Global data available Global data description Frequency of update for global data Resolution of global data UNBL Mapview URL
B.1: Services provided by ecosystems* View  Methodology for calculating the indicator is under development by the AHTEG on Indicators. Current metadata indicates that this indicator will rely on spatial data for its calculation.

Target 12

Significantly increase the area and quality and connectivity of, access to, and benefits from green and blue spaces in urban and densely populated areas sustainably, by mainstreaming the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and ensure biodiversity-inclusive urban planning, enhancing native biodiversity, ecological connectivity and integrity, and improving human health and well-being and connection to nature and contributing to inclusive and sustainable urbanization and the provision of ecosystem functions and services.

Indicator Metadata for indicator calculation Global data available Global data description Frequency of update for global data Resolution of global data UNBL Mapview URL
12.1:  Average share of the built-up area of cities that is green/blue space for public use for all View  Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open space for public use for all, by sex, age and persons with disabilities The following is the definition of the SDG 11.7.1 indicator and consequently there could be small variations in the definition for the “Average share of the built-up area of cities that is green/blue space for public use for all”. Indicator 11.7.1 has several interesting concepts that required global consultations and consensus. These include; built-up area, cities, open spaces for public use, etc. As a custodian agency, UN-Habitat has worked on these concepts along with several other partners. Annual Country-level stats   

Target 18

Identify by 2025, and eliminate, phase out or reform incentives, including subsidies, harmful for biodiversity, in a proportionate, just, fair, effective and equitable way, while substantially and progressively reducing them by at least 500 billion United States dollars per year by 2030, starting with the most harmful incentives, and scale up positive incentives for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity.

Indicator Metadata for indicator calculation Global data available Global data description Frequency of update for global data Resolution of global data UNBL Mapview URL
18.1: Positive incentives in place to promote biodiversity conservation and sustainable use  View  Policy Instruments for the Environment (PINE) Definition of positive incentives for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use: Positive incentives, or incentive-based mechanisms or economic instruments are the set of policy instruments that are based on providing incentives for producers and consumers to behave in a more sustainable way. Economic instruments are fiscal and other economic incentives to incorporate environmental costs (and benefits) into production and consumption. The objective is to encourage environmentally sound and efficient production and consumption through full-cost pricing. In contrast to more traditional command-and-control approaches (e.g. restrictions on access or use, standards, etc), economic instruments can in theory meet a given environmental objective at a lower total economic cost. Annual Country-level stats 

Target 19

Substantially and progressively increase the level of financial resources from all sources, in an effective, timely and easily accessible manner, including domestic, international, public and private resources, in accordance with Article 20 of the Convention, to implement national biodiversity strategies and action plans, by 2030 mobilizing at least 200 billion United States dollars per year.

Indicator Metadata for indicator calculation Global data available Global data description Frequency of update for global data Resolution of global data UNBL Mapview URL
D.1: International public funding, including official development assistance (ODA) for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems View  Total official development assistance for biodiversity, by donor countries The indicator measures the gross disbursements of total Official Development Assistance (ODA) from all donors for biodiversity. Data is also available in constant prices for commitments undertaken by donors, which signal a signed agreement to fund a particular activity. The data includes information on capacity development type of activities (e.g. technical assistance, scholarships, etc). Annual Country-level stats 

Target 21

Ensure that the best available data, information and knowledge, are accessible to decision makers, practitioners and the public to guide effective and equitable governance, integrated and participatory management of biodiversity, and to strengthen communication, awareness-raising, education, monitoring, research and knowledge management and, also in this context, traditional knowledge, innovations, practices and technologies of indigenous peoples and local communities should only be accessed with their free, prior and informed consent[1], in accordance with national legislation.

Indicator Metadata for indicator calculation Global data available Global data description Frequency of update for global data Resolution of global data UNBL Mapview URL
21.1:  Indicator on biodiversity information for the monitoring the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework View  Methodology for calculating the indicator is under development by the AHTEG on Indicators. Current metadata indicates that this indicator will rely on spatial data for its calculation.